| 摘要: | 公共工程基礎建設及城市設施對於環境生態、民生品質、區域經濟發展都有重要影響。若能導入城市建設生態系服務(Urban Ecosystem Service, UES)的觀點於工程建設規劃與管理，有助於提昇建設發展及公共服務的總體效益。UES在於追求硬體基礎的工程建設與軟體服務的城市經濟、社會之有效融合。當工程規劃建造之時所考量的是設施與自然生態系統的融合，而後必須考量延伸基礎建設的服務效能，以創造經濟、社會、文化等多元價值，進而從公共服務經驗與利害關係人的使用需求回饋，形成對城市建設規劃、興建、營運管理的可持續發展正向回饋循環。尤其當城市設施結合智慧治理程度及功能鏈結愈高時，生態系服務與營運維護管理工作更趨重要。過去研究提出有效的績效評估衡量指標與管理系統是生態系服務關鍵因素之一。然而，生態系服務的策略目標整合、規劃建設維護管理、預算規劃運用等等事項都是環環相扣的系統性議題，需要跳脫傳統單一專案或合約的觀點，提昇到整個城市系統觀點以發展更適用於城市治理政策規劃的策略架構。而且營運維護管理反應速度也需要動態因應各式資訊情報系統所回報之設施運用情況。本計畫從營運觀點延伸傳統工程建設管理至生態系服務，建立宏觀的城市治理系統觀點。整合海綿城市(Sponge city)以及ICT應用的智慧城市(Smart city)概念，建立「綠色基礎建設」、「智慧治理」、「環境導向的生態系服務」、「社會經濟導向的生態系服務」等四大整合管理領域及其互動互補的協作系統模式。為開發更具整合性之管理實務應用技術，本計畫擬運用美國麻省理工學院(MIT)的「系統動態學」(System Dynamics)及電腦模擬技術為主要分析方法論，從“系統觀點”、“動態觀點”、“策略觀點”的三維架構協助管理制度規劃和有效的公共服務鏈結納入實務應用。並結合策略動態建模方法論，強調以量化模型為基礎的管理與時間序列績效的特點建構「永續城市智慧治理策略架構管理系統」(Strategic Architecture Management System)，整合績效目標管理及重要變項因果關連之總體藍圖(策略架構)，以及電腦動態模擬決策支援系統，輔助專案實務執行過程中所需的動態績效管理決策。同時，本計畫亦以台北市海綿城市智慧洪災管理體系案例為實證研究對象，透過案例資料分析、專家訪談、風險模擬應用等實證研究，強化本計畫實務應用價值。
Urban planning and sustainable infrastructure management have been a vital role for efficiently managing large networks of infrastructure assets and sustaining their safety and operability for public services, which is connected to the environmental ecology, the quality of life of the citizens, the productivity of industries, and on the regional economy. An effective urban ecosystem services and infrastructure management system are increasingly important when promoting smart city governance and facilities. Urban ecosystem service not only assuring the functions of facilities in the city but also providing environmental, social, economic benefits to the citizens and enhancing human welfare. Previous studies proposed that a major challenge for urban ecosystem services may include a systems framework, strategic integration of performance management system, and adequate budgeting and planning of infrastructure management programs, which is of extreme importance in achieving the objectives. Indeed, it is needed to further develop a collaborative urban ecosystem services management system from a holistic perspective instead of individual contracts or projects. Therefore, the concepts and practices of green infrastructure development and smart city governance need to be integrated with urban ecosystem services for more comprehensive management system and the IT applications with scientific scenario planning are very demanding. The main goal of the proposed research is to develop an IT-enabled Strategic Architecture Management System (SAMS) with computer simulation-based decision support analysis for improving collaborative urban ecosystem services integrated with green infrastructure and smart governance. Four key elements including green infrastructure, smart governance, environmental ecosystem services, and socio-economic ecosystem services were identified in the proposed SAMS to be a holistic strategy map tracing connections and collaborative functions between key elements for sustainable development. In order to better integrate the computer models and real world urban ecosystem service management practices, the Smart Flood Management System of Taipei City and the infrastructure as well as relevant facilities will be benchmarked for data collection and case studies. System Dynamics modelling and simulation techniques will be used as complementary methodologies for quantitative analysis and computer-aid scenarios analysis. Strategy Dynamics principles such as resource-based planning, model-based management, and time-phase performance evaluation are also incorporated for improving the proposed strategic architecture management system and decision-making. It is expected that the proposed model can practically support the dynamic risk analysis and life cycle cost assessment for strategic ecosystem service management decisions. Compared with previous studies, the research results would have a potential to contribute benefits for urban ecosystem services management including: (1)systematically evaluates connected elements and structural variances to ecosystem service management plans, so as to better perform early planning and systems design, (2)dynamically supports risk analysis and life cycle cost management, so as to enhance the performance of infrastructure management, (3)strategically integrates resources from executive management and their management decisions with applicable simulation-based scenarios analyses, so as to support rational expectations on urban ecosystem services and performance. In addition, the proposed model, which is a scientific and structured decision support system, can also support management team trainnings and learning of engineering and management lessons. |
