| 摘要: | 《古今說海》乃中國第一部小說叢書，旨在成為古今說部之淵藪。由陸楫號召姜南、顧定芳、談萬言、黃標、姚昭、瞿學召、唐贇、顧名世、沈希皐、余采、董宜陽、張之象、瞿成文，或提供藏書，或負責謄錄，或擔任校勘，共同編纂完成。明朝嘉靖二十三年（1544），雲間陸氏儼山書院家刻刊行。全書一百四十二卷，分「說選」、「說淵」、「說畧」、「說纂」四部，採以類相從方式，分為小錄、偏記、別傳、雜記、逸事、散錄、雜纂七家，收錄唐宋到明代文言小說一百三十五種，在小說史和叢書史上皆有值得關注之處。
本論文分成上、下兩篇，各四章，第九章則為結論。上篇按照分章分節方式，依所標目予申論考證；下篇遵循《古今說海》分四部七家原則，考述各子目書之作者、傳本和內容。茲將論文要點分述如下：
首先，陸楫乃促成《古今說海》刊刻成書的關鍵人物，故先針對其家世背景與生平事蹟進行探索，再就所著作《蒹葭堂稿》，概述其命名、成書、版本和內容，進而探討陸楫的政治、經濟、史學、民族等思想主張。
其次，歸納《古今說海》之成書原因，包括出版印刷事業發達、小說纂輯風氣盛行、雲間文人集團推動和陸氏家藏數量充沛。再者，論其編選校勘的動機是出於牟利之需，或為崇尚博雅、廣行好事，且編輯群與陸深父子多存在世交、姻親或師友關係，說明《古今說海》之編纂係屬區域性和集團性的文學活動。
其三，《古今說海》雖有還原《昨夢錄》、《清尊錄》撰者與《鄴侯外傳》、《薛昭傳》篇名之例證，又能根據《三水小牘．王知古》之特殊性質而節鈔改置「說淵部」。然其不題撰人和改題篇名情形嚴重，且偶有篇目重複之現象，反映陸楫等對於作品版權的輕忽與編輯態度的大意。
其四，透過對《古今說海》子目書之版本研究，明白《古今說海》主要引據《太平廣記》和《說郛》，間有刪削、脫文或衍文情形。復因《古今說海》具備匯聚資料和保存書籍文獻之價值，提供今本《太平廣記》研究參稽之用，及後世刊刻叢書、類書之珍貴文獻，又收錄許多唐人志怪傳奇和宋代筆記小說的精品，可見兼具學者研究和讀者閱讀之學術和實用價值。
“Gu Jin Shuo Hai” was China’s first collection of novel, and it aimed at becoming the convergence of ancient and modern novels in general. Lu Ji appealed Jiang Nan, Gu Ding Fang, Tan Wan Yan, Huang Biao, Yao Zhao, Qu Xue Zhao, Tang Yun, Gu Ming Shi, Shen Xi Gao, Yu Cai, Dong Yi Yang, Zhang Zhi Xiang, Qu Cheng Wen to be in charge of providing collections, transcribing and proofreading, and they completed it jointly. In 1544, Lu’s Yanshan College in Yun Jian published their own book. There were 142 volumes in this book, and it included four sections of “Shuo xuan”, “Shuo yuan”, “Shuo lue” and “Shuo uanz”. Based on the method of classifying and getting together, it consisted of seven subsections of “Xiao lu”, “Pian ji”, “Bie zhiuan”, “Za ji”, “Yi shi”, “San lu” and “Za zuan”. It collected 135 kinds of classical short stories from Tang Dynasty to Ming Dynasty. It worths receiving attention in histories of both novels and collections.
The present study is divided into two parts and each part contains four chapters. Chapter nine is the conclusion. The first part is arranged according to chapters and sections and provides argument and research to the targeted subjects. The second part follows “Gu Jin Shuo Hai”’s principle of four sections and seven subsections and provides research on the author, edition and content of each subcategory. The key points of the present study are summarized as follows:
First, Lu Ji played the crucial role in facilitating “Gu Jin Shuo Hai”’s publication, therefore, we explore his family background and life stories in the first place. Then we briefly discuss the naming, publishing, version, and content of his book “Jian Jia Tang Gao”, and in turn probe into Lu Ji’s thinking in politics, economy, history, nationality and so on.
Second, the reason of “Gu Jin Shuo Hai”’s publication could be attributed to the prosperity of publishing, the prevalence of novels’ redaction, the promotion of scholar group in Yun Jian, and the abundant family collection of the Lu’s. In addition, the motivation of his compiling and collating was to seek profit, uphold refinement and practice charity. Most editors kept relationships such as generational friendship, marital relation or teachers and friends with Lu Shen and Lu Ji. This implies that the editing of “Gu Jin Shuo Hai” belongs to regional and group literature activity.
Third, “Gu Jin Shuo Hai” had illustrations in restoring the authors of “Tso Meng Lu” and “Ching Tsun Lu” as well as the sheet titles of “Yeh Hou Wai Chuan” and “Hsueh Chao Chuan”. It also extracted and redivided it to “Shuo yuan” section according to the unique characteristic of “San Shui Hsiao Tu--Wang Chih Ku”. However, it failed to inscribe the authors and frequently altered the sheet titles. Moreover, it ocassionally overlapped in article title. This reflected Lu Ji’s neglect of copyright and carelessness in editing attitude.
Fourth, through the investigation of the versions of “Gu Jin Shuo Hai”’s subcategory, we understand that “Gu Jin Shuo Hai” mainly cited “Tai Ping Guang Ji” and “Shuo Fu”, and ocassionally omitted or added the articles. “Gu Jin Shuo Hai” possessed the value of collecting data and preserving books and literature. It provided research and reference for the current version of “Tai Ping Guang Ji” and the valuable literature in publication, collection and encyclopedia of the later period. It also took in many masterpieces of Tang’s ghosts and legendary stories and Song’s literary sketches. This implies that it contains both the academic and practical values for scholars to investigate and for readers to appreciate. |
