| Abstract: | 地圖的製作，隨著科技進步展現出不同於過去的手法，因此新科技與舊理論的配合，就成了地圖學研究的一個新領域。尤其遙測影像自1970年代以來即逐漸興起，目前已成為地圖重要底圖來源之一。本研究即針對遙測影像之特色，就認知觀點上，從地圖符號內涵上的語意設計，兼及形狀與色彩對比作深入探討。
本研究經由建構在MacEachren的符號語意三角模式，所衍申出的聯想、常見、易讀及美觀四語意之量測，歸納出易讀與其它語意均關係密切，引伸到設計上就是要線條清晰、把握特徵以令易於聯想。而造成符號易讀的外在原因，在於符號結構上的連續性、對稱性，尤其是線條的方向性對視覺均相當具有影響，吻合格式塔理論。至於多重符號間的互相抽離，則歸納出從單純中可較快速尋得複雜結構的原則，符合視覺認知的解釋，唯在量化計測上，仍無法歸納出絕對值。
基於複雜與單純的搭配是最佳形底效果之設計，本研究利用符號單一色彩於複雜的遙測影像上，發現造成最佳形底的色彩已因應底圖之變化而變化，一般而論，當RGB色彩形底比值之和居於300-400之間者，將是最有效的界檻值，不只顧及視覺效果，並得烘托形底效果。
從理論出發輔以技術操作，經重重實驗之驗證，本研究結論出一套可提供台灣年輕大學生在SPOT影像上操作的地圖符號資料庫，歸納出的準則，則可提供作為日後自動化之參考。
During the last three decades, the field of cartography has innovated in hardware and display capabilities through remote sensing and digital data. Based on images map the goal of cartographic visualization is to produce scientific insights by designing symbol, which involves both in semantic and syntactics.
In the connotation aspect, this study rooted in MacEachren’s triadic model of map signs, emphasized a view from sign-vehicle through interpretant to reference, and employed preference ranking test as well as semantic differential test to assess Taiwan young generation’s attitude about 43 tourist symbols to decide the degree of relationship between sign-vehicle and reference.
The results revealed a high degree of consistency between association and legibility. While the relationship between familiarity and association as well as familiarity and legibility were moderate only. In general, retain graphic characteristic and unambiguous will be appropriate device.
In the denotation aspect, Gestalt Laws of organization was re-examined. The laws emphasized the holistic nature of human reaction to sensation. 0.4 second was set to be the threshold to examine the symbols quality. Besides, the computer program Visual Basic was designed to investigate the graphic organization including good continuation, regularity and symmetry. From the experiment Gestalt Laws was approved.
Detecting multi-symbols was focusing on figure-ground separation, which was grounded in contrast concept. Time duration was chosen to be the index to describe contrast degree between symbols. The conclusion indicated that when symbol with solid, regular, simple and less angular design, will easier to evoke attention. Through Visual Basic program, applying all results from above experiments on image-based maps to determine color contrast. The conclusion showed when the sum of RGB color contrast value between 300-400 would be the best threshold to discriminate figure-ground.
Combining hypothesis and sequential experiments, this study create a set of native database, and the design rule will be a good reference when design the image-based maps. |
