| 摘要: | 水陸法會是佛教寺院中舉行規模最大、最隆重的佛事活動，集中體現佛教普濟群靈、救度眾生的精神，而水陸畫便是專供於水陸法會所懸掛的宗教藝術，其內容以佛祖、菩薩、羅漢、諸天為主，兼及世俗民眾等六道眾生，是佛教宇宙觀中各種有情生命群像的體現，十分可觀，然而今人對此卻少有論述，實是一大缺憾。
現今山西右玉寶寧寺舊藏的一百三十九軸水陸畫，為目前所發現保存最佳、數量最多、體系完整，且製作精美的一套水陸掛軸。作品工筆細密、設色濃艷，畫中筆墨皆窮形盡相，各極其妙，不僅內容包含儒釋道三教，體系龐大，且畫中署名的題記完備，當是作為今人研究水陸畫藝術最重要的參考指標。
本文茲擇寶寧寺水陸畫的佛教像題材為例，敘述畫中內容與宗教義理、比對圖像造形、考據風格源流，並對該堂水陸畫之緣由出處作一試探，希冀藉此汲水陸藝術之菁，能略有所得。
Water-land Rituals are the biggest and the most important Buddhist activities in Buddhist temples. People gather around to experience the spirit of Buddhism: help all creatures and save all the life in the world. Water-land paintings are the art works which are hung up when a “Water-land Ritual” is held. The contents of the paintings are mainly Buddha, Bodhisattva, Arhan, and Deva-Loka; the general public is also portrayed in the paintings. The paintings show all the life on earth in the universal view in Buddhism. It is a great pity that even though there are large amounts of Water-land paintings, only few researches are done on them.
The 139 scrolls of Water-land paintings preserved in Baoning Monastery in Youyu County, Shanxi, are the best preserved set of this type of paintings ever found; they were beautifully made. Not only were the works completed in detail with great care, but also the colors were sophisticated. The contents of the paintings included three religions: Confucianism, Taoism, as well as Buddhism. Since the major topics of these paintings were clearly stated on top, these Water-land paintings provide significant directions for people nowadays and in the future to research on the art of Water-land paintings.
The aim of this thesis is to discuss the contents of and the religious meanings behind the Water-land paintings preserved in Baoning Monastery. The comparison of styles of the pictures along with the origins of the fashion of the paintings will be made within this thesis. Moreover, we will also look into the backgrounds of this set of paintings, such as who the author might have been, or from which organization the paintings might have been done. Overall, this thesis is carried out in hope that we can all learn something about the art of Water-land paintings. |
