| 摘要: | 目前全世界正面臨著因經濟發展所造成各種的重大環境問題，於是「永續發展」成為全世界許多議題的指標方向，而生物多樣性(biodiversity)更是永續發展的一個重要目標。棲地破碎化是威脅生物多樣性的主因，國內高爾夫球場開發使得野生動物的生態棲息地破碎，降低生物多樣性。然而高爾夫球在所有的休閒運動項目中是種非常接近大自然的活動，因此球場朝向生態化景觀規劃方式將是台灣高爾夫球場永續經營的一個關鍵。
景觀生態學的空間理論結合地景分析的空間結構，藉由「生態廊道」將可有效恢復或連結分離區塊間族群的交流。有鑑於此，本研究運用「景觀生態學」與「生態網絡」的理論原則將案例球場現有的環境重新規劃設計，讓球場可以真正具有生態上的機能，促進生態間的交流。研究方法是先運用地理資訊系統（GIS）及景觀生態指標分析案例球場開發前後環境的改變，藉以探討高爾夫球場潛在之生態因子。接著運用網絡連結原則串連案例球場內適合野生動物生存的棲息地嵌塊體，使可以逹到生態系統穩定及多樣性的目標。另外本研究以問卷的方式，針對球客擊球之喜好度來分析，以探討球場的生態設計是否可以提升球客於生態型球道擊球的意願，讓高爾夫球場的業者也可以藉由球客喜好度的支持，進而增加了改善高爾夫球場生態環境的動機與意願，達到永續發展與環境共生的目標。
研究結果在球場生態化規劃設計後的景觀指標上發現，對於球場內的形狀指數及連結度指數均有明顯的提升，顯示球場在生態設計後，是可以有效地提升球場整體的結構與豐富度，因此本研究將景觀生態學的空間理論運用於高爾夫球場的規劃設計是可以有效提升球場生態機能的一種規劃方式，有助於日後各球場生態化設計上的參考。在球客的問卷結果發現生態設計後的球道，確實比生態設計前更能提高球客的喜好度，且在球客對於球場生態化這部分，受到更多比例球客支持，顯示國人對於環保重視的程度。因此高爾夫球場生態設計的結果不但可以讓高爾夫球場對環境沒有威脅，而且還能增加球客擊球的樂趣，進而吸引更多的球客，對於台灣球場永續發展而言是極富價值的。
Because the development of economy, Taiwan face the environmental problem, so “ sustainable development ”have become the index of many issues around the world, and the biodiversity is the most important subject of sustainable development. The habitat fragmentation is the major threat of biodiversity; the golf course established in Taiwan has caused the habitat of wild life fragmentation, and decreased the biodiversity. However, for all the recreations, the golf sport is the activity that can close to the Mother Nature. In addition, the Soil and Water Conservation has carried out, continuously, since golf course established until now. So the goal of eco-network-Planning is the key issue of sustainable operations for golf course in Taiwan.
The Landscape ecological spaces theory has combined with the analysis of space structure, and also by way of wildlife underpass, in order to connect the separated group with each other. For this reason, this study use the theory of Landscape ecological and Eco-network to redesign the existing environmental for scenario golf course, allowing the golf course with truly eco-efficiency, and improving the eco connection .the method of study is using the GIS and using the Landscape ecological to analyze the scenario golf course's environmental variation (before/after) first, in order to investigate the potential eco factors. Then you can use the internet connection to connect the scenario golf course which suitable for being the habitant for wild-life embedded, in order to reach the goals of eco system stable and biodiversity. in addition, this study also uses the questionnaire to analyze the golf customer’s preference for playing golf, so that, you can investigate that if the designing of ecology for golf course is increasing the usage of golf putt area for golf course customer, and also by increasing the customer for golf course owner of using eco-golf course, making owner adopt the eco-golf course in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development and Environmental symbiosis.
After the Eco-network-Planning showed the result, we found that the course’s shape index and linking-level index both increased, it means ,after designing the eco system of golf course, we could improve the entirely construction of golf course and enrichment, effectively. Therefore, this study applied the space theory of Landscape ecological into the designing of golf course construction in order to increase the eco-efficiency for one of the golf course planning, and providing the reference for all golf courses planning in the future. By the result of the questionnaire, we found that the designing of eco-golf course can increase the customer than usual. It means, the people in Taiwan also pay great attention to the environmental protection. Hence, the designing of eco-golf course not only can lower the threat of wild-life, but also increasing the joyful for customer. It will attract the customer, and providing the value for the sustainable development in Taiwan. |
