| 摘要: | 台灣地區現行行政區劃，大抵完成於民國39年實施地方自治之時，期間除復經台北市與高雄市先後於民國57年及68年改制升格為直轄市；新竹市及嘉義市於民國71年升格為省轄市外，但行政區劃法至今尚未通過。固然行政區域長達半世紀未有大規模調整，惟此期間人文條件、政經生態、交通建設等，均已發生重大變遷，不利於國家整體競爭力的提昇。如仍不予必要之調整，將使行政區劃所預期發揮之「全球化」與地方化之結合無由展現，並嚴重影響地方發展與社會進步，進而形成區域發展落差。同時，由於經濟全球化的趨勢，帶動全球各區域、城市之間的競爭日益激烈，台灣現有都市格局已難與國際性大都會區或經濟區相抗衡。故而，如何重新檢討地方政府的組織與業務功能，並合理劃分台灣地區的行政區域，以便提昇行政效能與均衡城鄉發展，厚植區域經貿競爭力，乃為地方自治與民主發展的當務之急。
本文之研究，係以民國39年經87年精省前後迄今，政府在台灣地區推行地方自治所適用的地方制度為研究範圍，除檢視台灣地區行政區劃因過度重疊造成國土資源未能有效運用，致形成城鄉差距日益擴大外，並舉證日、英、法、美等4個國家行政區劃調整之成功經驗啟示、大行政區乃先進國家整合行政區劃演進趨勢、地方化與全球化接軌可帶動國家整體經濟發展、台北縣升格準直轄市將帶動縣市直轄市化及分析比較八個採單一制國家之地方一級政府下轄二級政府之最適層級，冀望透過本研究之建議與展望，以作為我國精省後政府行政區劃調整政策的重要參考。
Taiwan area present administrative division planning is mostly finished at 1950 when there was local autonomy implementation. Beside Taipei and Kaohsiung becomes municipality in 1968 and 1979; Hsinchu City and Chiayi City became municipalities in 1982, but the administrative division planning method has not passed. Although administrative area does not have large-scale adjustment for as long as half a century, only the humanities condition, the political environment, the transportation construction and so on all have significant vicissitude, which is disadvantageous to the promotion of the national competitive ability. If still will not give the necessary adjustment, will cause the combination between administrative area to display “globalization” with localization unable to display, and seriously affect the development of the local area and society progression, then will form the region development incompatibility. At the same time, as a result of the economical globalization tendency, leads to the more intense competition between various regions, cities around the world, the existing metropolis pattern already has difficulty to compete with the international metropolis area or the global economic zone. Therefore, how to reexamine the organize and service function of the local authority, and reasonably divides the administrative areas in Taiwan, in order to promote the effectiveness of administration and balanced city and country side development, strengthen the region economies and trade competitive ability, are the urgent matters for local autonomous and democratic development.
The research of this study is through the refined province process between 1950 and 1998 until today, the government carried out the local autonomous system in Taiwan area which local autonomy is suitable for the research scope, besides inspecting the Taiwan administrative division due to excessively overlap results the national territory resources not able to be effectively utilized, results the disparity extension between the city and countryside day-by-day, and presented successful evidence from Japan, England, France, and America so on four national administrative division planning, big administrative area adjustment is the tendency for advanced countries to reform administrative area, the connection between localization and the globalization could lead to national overall economy development, when the Taipei County becomes municipality it will lead to the municipalization for City and County, and the analysis and comparison with the most suitable level for their level 2 governments that subordinated to their local level 1 government for eight countries that adopted the unitary system for its autonomous system, we hope that through the suggestion and forecast of this research, it can be the important reference for our country’s government administrative division plans. |
