| 摘要: | 因應氣候變遷問題日益加深，台灣於2023年「氣候變遷因應法」正式通過後，12項國家自定貢獻(NDC)關鍵戰略中與土地需求相關包含再生能源、碳匯及負排放技術發展應用等。近年來，污染場址解列面臨困境，雖然積極投入受污染土地設置太陽光電設施推動，然截至2023年止已辦理申設程序的農地面積為26.74公頃，多數為解列後再設置。台灣污染場址因財務、整治技術、場址環境限制下，仍有部分場址已超過20年以上仍無法進行整治與活化，其中污染土地推動土壤碳匯的潛力被認為是減緩氣候變化關鍵策略之一。台灣污染場址沒有長期場址背景調查資料，如土壤pH值、土壤組成、土壤導電度、土壤有機質含量等。因此，在推動污染土地碳匯策略時，在缺乏污染場址的土壤碳儲存量基線值、碳礦化速率評估、碳匯策略產生環境衝擊(如碳匯持久性、環境風險)與成本效益等資訊時，對於政策制定者與污染土地管理者無法精準確認推動污染土地碳匯的效益性。 台灣雖然參與ISRIC組織，然係以農地土壤基本資料提供ISRIC並進行評估，對於污染土地資料相當缺乏。污染土地的問題在全球範圍內廣泛存在，且其治理與活化需求迫切。國際上已有成熟評估模型用於評估土地利用變化對碳儲存的影響，例如生命週期評估(LCA)依賴依賴於既有的碳礦化模型（如 RothC、CENTURY），以及近年來學者常使用碳氮循環的生態系統模型 ( 如 DNDC)，以上模型皆須上述基本資料才可進行精準碳通量評估。 有鑑於此，本計畫旨在為建置污染土地碳匯潛力基礎資料庫，以及碳匯資料庫建置可在污染土地碳權申請時具有科學性依據與評估準則，資料庫除能以國際組織相互比對外，以污染土地推動碳匯專案為目的，進一步確認國內污染場址碳匯基本資料庫建置指標，以及從碳權觀點確認污染土地涵蓋資料的準確性、時效性、適用性及可操作性等方面評估指標，以及分析不同治理策略下的碳匯變化，這使得專案在技術層面具備較高的可行性。
In response to the escalating issue of climate change, Taiwan has passed the 'Climate Change Response Act' in 2023. Among the 12 key strategies under the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), those related to land demand include renewable energy, carbon sequestration, and the development and application of negative emission technologies. In recent years, delisting contaminated sites has faced significant challenges. Despite efforts to promote solar photovoltaic installations on contaminated lands, by 2023, only 26.74 hectares of agricultural land had gone through the application process, most of which were installed after delisting. Due to financial constraints, remediation technology limitations, and site environmental restrictions, some contaminated sites in Taiwan have remained unrestored and inactive for over 20 years. The potential of promoting soil carbon sequestration on polluted land is considered a key strategy to mitigate climate change. However, Taiwan lacks long-term background data on contaminated sites, such as soil pH, soil properties, soil EC, and SOC. Thus, when promoting carbon sequestration strategies on contaminated land, policymakers and land managers face difficulties in accurately assessing the effectiveness due to the absence of baseline data on soil carbon storage, carbon mineralization rates, the environmental impacts of carbon sequestration strategies (e.g., carbon sequestration durability, environmental risks), and cost-benefit analyses. Although Taiwan participates in the ISRIC organization, it primarily provides basic data on agricultural soils for ISRIC's assessments, and there is a significant lack of data on contaminated lands. The issue of contaminated sites is widespread globally, and there is an urgent need for their remediation and revitalization. Internationally, there are well-established models for assessing the impact of land use changes on carbon storage. For example, life cycle assessments (LCA) rely on existing carbon mineralization models such as RothC and CENTURY, while ecosystem models for carbon and nitrogen cycling, like DNDC, have become more common among scholars in recent years. These models require the basic data to accurately evaluate carbon flux. Considering this, the project aims to establish a foundational database for the carbon sequestration potential of contaminated lands, providing scientific evidence and evaluation criteria for carbon credit applications. In addition to allowing for comparison with international organizations, this database will support carbon sequestration projects on contaminated sites, helping to identify key indicators for building a domestic database on carbon sequestration in polluted areas. It will also evaluate the accuracy, timeliness, applicability, and operational feasibility of the data from a carbon credit perspective, and analyze carbon sequestration changes under different remediation strategies, enhancing the technical feasibility of the project. |
