臺灣商用紅羽土雞族群遺傳結構、屠體性狀與產蛋特性之研析

文化大學機構典藏 CCUR > 環境規劃暨生物資源學院 > 農學院 > 動物科學系 > 研究計畫 > Item 987654321/54005

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题名:	臺灣商用紅羽土雞族群遺傳結構、屠體性狀與產蛋特性之研析 The investigation of genetics structure, carcass traits and the free-range egg production in Taiwan commercial red-feathered country chickens
作者:	張啟聖；鄭富元
贡献者:	動物科學系
关键词:	台灣商用紅羽土雞產蛋性狀屠體性能族群遺傳結構 Taiwan commercial red-feathered country chicken Egg production traits Carcass traits Genetic structure
日期:	2024
上传时间:	2025-03-17 13:38:19 (UTC+8)
摘要:	目前台灣商用土雞主要有也逐漸演進以紅羽土雞與黑羽土雞兩大主要族群，並佔台灣有色肉雞9成的生產量，產值達新台幣243億元。特別是台灣商用黑羽土雞為國內有色肉雞生產上重要品系在民間土雞業者自有配種制度下，進行集約化與大規模的飼養，造成其極度提升其快速生長性能，但缺乏制度化配種系統與選育制度，其母雞產蛋性能低落，需飼養數量龐大的種母雞群以滿足市場所需出雛數。在現今進口飼料價格高昂，與全球畜牧業節能減碳與淨零排放的目標之下，如何應用新式分子生物工具調查台灣紅羽/黑羽土雞群族群之遺傳結構，並藉由分子育種等相關育種技術達到提升台灣紅羽/黑羽土雞生產性能之目標，為當前家禽產業和動物育種界的重要課題。因此，本計畫的目的即欲：(1) 台灣商用紅羽/黑羽土雞調查與樣本收集，調查台灣商用紅羽/黑羽土雞種雞目前在養數量與狀況，透過訪查各紅羽/黑羽土雞種雞業者，收集不同種雞場土雞品系樣本作為後續基因體分析使用； (2) 多品系台灣商用紅羽/黑羽土雞全基因組基因分型、性狀相關基因型分析，將使用次世代定序技術定序雞全基因體，後進行SNP位點基因型分型，篩選品系內/間之特異SNP位點，繪製出台灣各商用紅羽/黑羽土雞品系族群結構分布圖，與全基因組關聯分析； (3) 台灣商用紅羽/黑羽土雞屠體與肉質性狀調查； (4) 台灣商用紅羽土雞平飼產蛋性能初探； (5)特定分子標誌篩選、開發與驗證，開發台灣商用紅羽/黑羽土雞育種標誌。此研究成果將有助於開發鑑別紅羽/黑羽土雞品系與性狀相關之候選SNPs整合，評估作為適合民間雞場作為育種選拔參考之使用。 In Taiwan, commercial country chickens have gradually evolved into two main populations: Red-feathered country chickens and Black-feathered country chickens. These two populations account for nearly 90% of the production of colored broilers in Taiwan, with a total value of approximately 24.3 billion New Taiwan Dollars. Commercial Red/Black-feathered country chickens, in particular, have become an important breed in domestic colored broiler production. They are intensively and extensively raised by private indigenous chicken farmers, leading to significantly improved growth performance. However, there is a lack of systematic breeding and selection programs for these chickens, resulting in lower egg-laying performance in the hens. This requires a large number of breeding hens to meet the market demand for day-old chicks. In the current scenario of high imported feed prices and global livestock industry goals of energy saving, carbon reduction, and net-zero emissions, the application of advanced molecular biology tools to investigate the genetic structure of Taiwan's Red/Black-feathered country chicken populations and the use of molecular breeding and related breeding techniques to improve their production performance have become important challenges in the poultry industry and animal breeding field. Therefore, the objectives of this project are as follows: (1) Investigation and sample collection of Taiwan's commercial Red/Black-feathered country chickens: To survey the current status and population size of Taiwan's commercial Red/Black-feathered country chicken breeders and collect samples from different breeding farms for subsequent genomic analysis. (2) Genomic typing and phenotype-related genetic analysis of multiple strains of Taiwan's commercial Red/Black-feathered country chickens: Using next-generation sequencing technology to sequence the entire chicken genome, perform SNP genotyping, select specific SNP loci within and between strains, and create population structure distribution maps for various commercial Red/Black-feathered country chicken populations in Taiwan. Additionally, conduct a whole-genome association analysis. (3) Slaughter and meat quality characteristics investigation of Taiwan's commercial Red/Black-feathered country chickens. (4) Preliminary exploration of laying performance in Taiwan's commercial Red/Black-feathered country chickens. (5) Selection, development, and validation of specific molecular markers for Taiwan's commercial Red/Black-feathered country chicken breeding. The results of this research will contribute to the development of a set of candidate SNPs for identifying Red/Black-feathered country chicken strains and traits. These markers can be integrated and evaluated as suitable references for breeding selection in private indigenous chicken farms.
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