| 摘要: | 在現代城市生活中，噪音污染與水污染、空氣污染、固體廢棄物污染並稱為四大污染，隨著社會經濟的發展與科技的進步，噪音污染的影響日益加劇，噪音污染對人類健康及生活品質造成嚴重影響，吸音材料成為降低噪音的主要方法，特別是在中低頻噪音控制中更具挑戰性，大部分的吸音材料會透過增加材料厚度與重量使中低頻被材料吸收，但是會導致成本提升並限制應用範圍，本研究利用靜電紡絲技術製備聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）與聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）複合奈米纖維膜，在通過優化結構與降低材料重量來提高中低頻吸音效果，研究靜電紡絲參數（如電壓、溶液濃度、推進速度）對纖維膜微觀結構的影響，並分析不同PVP/PVDF比例對吸音性能的影響，由於熔噴吸音棉在高頻（2000 Hz以上）吸音性能良好，但在中低頻（1500 Hz以下）表現不佳，經結合靜電紡絲吸音膜後可顯著改善，如PVP/PVDF比例為1:2時，於800 Hz達到吸音標準0.3，3000 Hz的吸音係數達到1.0，平均吸音係數SAA為0.33，而比例為1:1時，低頻（600 Hz）吸音性能更為優越，1250 Hz的吸音係數達到0.89，但高頻性能有所下降。此外，PVP/PVDF比例為1:2時，在基重40 g/m2條件下，中頻（1500 Hz）吸音係數提升了24.19%，高頻吸音係數維持在0.7以上，SAA值達到最高的0.35，而1:1比例隨基重增加，纖維膜密度增加，聲波難以穿透材料內部，高頻聲波在纖維膜表面被反射，導致高頻吸音性能下降，SAA值降低至0.29，研究得到通過調整PVP/PVDF基重與比例配比組合，可以有效優化纖維的吸音性能，特別適用於中低頻噪音的控制。
In modern urban life, noise pollution, along with water pollution, air pollution, and solid waste pollution, is regarded as one of the four major types of pollution. With the development of the economy and advancements in technology, the impact of noise pollution has become increasingly severe, causing significant harm to human health and quality of life. Sound-absorbing materials have become a primary method for reducing noise, particularly for the challenging control of low- and mid-frequency noise. Most sound-absorbing materials achieve low- and mid-frequency absorption by increasing thickness and weight, which leads to higher costs and limits their applications.
This study utilizes electrospinning technology to fabricate composite nanofiber membranes of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). By optimizing the structure and reducing the weight of the materials, the study aims to enhance the sound absorption performance at low and mid frequencies. The effects of electrospinning parameters (such as voltage, solution concentration, and feed rate) on the microstructure of the fiber membranes are investigated, as well as the influence of different PVP/PVDF ratios on sound absorption performance.Because Melt-blown sound-absorbing cotton performs well at high frequencies (above 2000 Hz) but poorly at low and mid frequencies (below 1500 Hz). When combined with electrospun sound-absorbing membranes, significant improvements are observed. For instance, at a PVP/PVDF ratio of 1:2, the sound absorption coefficient reaches 0.3 at 800 Hz and 1.0 at 3000 Hz, with an average sound absorption coefficient (SAA) of 0.33. At a ratio of 1:1, the sound absorption performance at low frequencies (600 Hz) is even better, achieving a coefficient of 0.89 at 1250 Hz, although high-frequency performance decreases.
Furthermore, at a PVP/PVDF ratio of 1:2 with a basis weight of 40 g/m², the sound absorption coefficient at mid frequencies (1500 Hz) improves by 24.19%, while the high-frequency absorption coefficient remains above 0.7, achieving the highest SAA value of 0.35. However, with the 1:1 ratio, as the basis weight increases, the density of the fiber membrane rises, making it more difficult for sound waves to penetrate the material. High-frequency sound waves are reflected on the membrane surface, resulting in reduced high-frequency absorption performance and a decreased SAA value of 0.29.The research results show that by adjusting the PVP/PVDF ratio and basis weight, the sound absorption performance of the fibers can be effectively optimized, making them particularly suitable for the control of low- and mid-frequency noise. |
