| 摘要: | 本研究的主要目標在於採用熔融混練法製備聚乳酸(PLA)/熱塑性聚氨酯(TPU)聚摻合物，並探討其性質。PLA和TPU作為廣泛應用於生物可降解塑料領域的材料，它們的結合旨在充分發揮各自的優勢，同時調整材料的性質，以滿足不同應用場景的需求。
在研究中，通過調節熔融混練過程中的溫度、轉速和時間等關鍵參數，確保PLA和TPU的均勻混合。接著，我們對製備的PLA/TPU聚合物進行了一系列詳細的性質測試，包括形態學、物理性質、機械性質、熱性質以及動態機械性質等方面的分析。
在機械性質方面，我們透過抗折實驗觀察到隨著TPU含量的增加，聚合物表面的粗糙度也隨之增加，這有助於提升其整體韌性。進一步的FT-IR和Raman分析證實了TPU添加對PLA的晶體結構產生了影響。在機械性質方面，我們觀察到隨著TPU含量的增加，聚合物的強度呈現下降趨勢，但衝擊強度則呈現上升趨勢，這說明了TPU的添加對材料的韌性有所改善。而在熱性質方面，我們的測試結果顯示TPU的添加對聚合物的耐熱性能造成了一定的影響。
此外，我們還對PLA進行了再結晶處理，觀察到再結晶對其機械性質、結晶度以及熱性質均產生了積極的影響。
總的來說，本研究對PLA/TPU聚合物的性質進行了深入的研究和分析，發現了TPU添加對其性能的多方面影響。這些發現將為進一步改進生物可降解塑料的性能提供重要的參考和指導。
The main objective of this study is to prepare polylactic acid (PLA)/ thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU) polymer blends using the melt blending method and investigate their properties. PLA and TPU are materials widely used in the field of biodegradable plastics, and their combination aims to maximize their respective advantages while adjusting the properties of the materials to meet the requirements of different application scenarios.
In this research, we ensured the uniform mixing of PLA and TPU by adjusting key parameters such as temperature, rotational speed, and time during the melt blending process. Subsequently, we conducted a series of detailed property tests on the prepared PLA/TPU polymer, including analyses of morphology, physical properties, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and dynamic mechanical properties.
Regarding mechanical properties, we observed an increase in surface roughness of the polymer with the addition of TPU, as evidenced by flexural testing, which contributes to enhancing its overall toughness. Further XRD, FT-IR, and Raman analyses confirmed the influence of TPU addition on the crystalline structure of PLA. In terms of mechanical properties, we observed a decreasing trend in strength with increasing TPU content, but an increasing trend in impact strength, indicating an improvement in the material's toughness due to TPU addition. Moreover, our test results showed that the addition of TPU had a certain impact on the thermal resistance of the polymer.
Additionally, we performed recrystallization treatment on PLA and observed positive effects on its mechanical properties, crystallinity, and thermal properties.
Overall, this study provides in-depth research and analysis of the properties of PLA/TPU polymers, uncovering the multifaceted effects of TPU addition on their performance. These findings will serve as important references and guidelines for further improving the properties of biodegradable plastics. |
