台灣南傳佛教建築原型宗教意涵之研究

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Title:	台灣南傳佛教建築原型宗教意涵之研究 The Religious Significance of the Prototype of Taiwanese Theravada Buddhist Architecture
Authors:	李雲荷 LEE, YUN-HE
Contributors:	建築及都市設計學系
Keywords:	台灣佛教南傳佛教建築原型 Taiwan Buddhism Theravada Buddhism Architectural Prototypes
Date:	2025
Issue Date:	2025-03-10 14:20:54 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	台灣南傳佛教建築原型宗教意涵之研究摘要佛陀教法與僧團的建立，奠定佛教的基礎。發源於印度的佛教，阿育王時期，舉行第三次的聖典結集，及派遣佛教使團向外傳播，往北從新疆傳入中國，稱之為漢傳佛教、藏傳佛教；往南則以斯里蘭卡及東南亞國家稱之為南傳佛教。南傳佛教源自上座部部派佛教，保留著佛陀原始教法及僧團的組織戒律等，並強調依循四念處為核心的修行次第。台灣的佛教源自於中國大陸福建、廣東，歷經日本的統治，當時正值世界大戰時期，經濟與教育資源的不足，寺廟承擔超渡亡者的責任。又逢日軍逼迫、國共內亂，致使國民政府退居台灣，僧人亦隨之來台，以致佛教又一大興盛，開始正視佛法的教導，講經開示、傳戒、辦學院，大力興建寺廟。乃至現在又有南傳佛教傳入台灣，法門龍象更添異彩；因此，佛陀的教法，在台灣是深植人心的。 1987年台灣政治進入民主化，經濟起飛，大眾忙碌於經濟的發展，實修者爰有所斷層，雖有善知識對禪修的引導，但因宿世業感之故，善知識難遇，加上奔於經濟，進而鼓勵以念佛法門為最，雖然忙碌，仍可繫心念佛，其間念佛成就者固也不少，但也有少數善信，並不一定懂得念佛法門之次第。其次，更要感謝大陸來台的這些高僧大德們，他們的成就將佛法紮根於台灣，注入民心，遂有此因緣，開展佛法入佛知見。嗣後，又南傳佛教入台弘傳，更增添了佛門修行者的修行領域，方能尋得最原始之教法，作為參考並學習之。有鑒於此，引發筆者欲研究，南傳佛教建築原型宗教意涵之動機，以文獻回顧、田野調查、專家訪談及問卷調查等研究方式，建立南傳佛寺主要建築單元，及組成配置南傳佛寺建築原型架構，並依據佛教經典之教義，剖析南傳佛寺建築單元的宗教意涵，作為台灣南傳佛教建築規劃設計準則與參據。研究內容第一章緒論研究動機與目的，第二章文獻回顧與綜述，第三章南傳佛教基本教義-禪修體證學習案例，經訪談親身體驗禪修的法師，分析南傳、北傳禪法之異同，並藉由問卷調查，了解台灣信眾，對南傳佛教的期望和實踐，第四章南傳佛教寺廟案例分析，擇取，具有歷史建築意義的寺廟，確定南傳佛教寺院，主要建築單元之功能，及其組成配置特點，建立南傳佛教建築原型架構，第五章南傳佛教建築原型宗教意涵，依據佛教經典之宗教教義精神，剖析南傳佛教寺院，建築原型的宗教意涵與功能，作為台灣南傳佛教寺院建築規劃、設計準則與參據，第六章結論與建議及後續研究，強調建築原型宗教意涵，對台灣佛教寺院，建築規劃設計的重要性，以及後續研究方向。關鍵詞: 台灣佛教南傳佛教建築原型 The Religious Significance of the Prototype of Taiwanese Theravada Buddhist Architecture Abstract The Buddha laid the foundation of Buddhism through his teachings and the establishment of the Sangha. Originating in India, Buddhism experienced significant developments during the reign of Emperor Ashoka, including the convening of the Third Buddhist Council and the dispatch of missionary teams to propagate the Dharma. To the north, it reached China via Xinjiang, evolving into Chinese Buddhism, including the Han and Tibetan traditions. To the south, it spread to Sri Lanka and Southeast Asian countries, becoming known as Theravada Buddhism. Theravada Buddhism originates from the early Buddhist school known as the Sthaviravāda, preserves the teachings imparted by the Buddha and the organizational structure of the Sangha, with a strong emphasis on a sequential practice centered around the Four Foundations of Mindfulness. Taiwanese Buddhism traces its origins to the Fujian and Guangdong provinces of mainland China. During the period of Japanese rule, which coincided with the era of global warfare, the lack of economic and educational resources placed the burden on temples to fulfill the responsibility of performing rituals for the deceased. During the subsequent civil unrest between the Nationalist and Communist forces, the Nationalist Government retreated to Taiwan, bringing along many monks. This marked a significant turning point for Buddhism, as it began to focus on the proper teachings of the Dharma. Monks began to engage in lecturing, delivering teachings, transmitting precepts, and establishing educational institutions, while vigorously constructing temples. Even up to the present, the introduction of Theravada Buddhism has undergone a transformation due to certain fortuitous circumstances. Subsequently, with experiential realization of the Zen practice in Buddhism and doctrinal discussions in sermons, Buddhist Dharma has deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The political democratization of Taiwan in 1987, coupled with its economic boom, led to a society focused on economic pursuits. Amidst this busy landscape, practitioners of genuine meditation experienced a disconnection due to the absence of skilled mentors to guide them in Zen practice and a lack of awareness of the consequences of one's lifelong karma. As a result, they found it difficult to engage in true practice, and instead, most people turned to the practice of reciting the Buddha's name as their primary method. Among them, there are indeed many who have attained accomplishments through the practice of chanting the Buddha's name. However, some practitioners may not fully understand the proper order and techniques of chanting. Furthermore, we must express gratitude to the eminent monks and virtuous masters who came from Mainland China to Taiwan. Each of them is an achiever, and they have deeply rooted Buddhism in Taiwan, instilling the Dharma into the hearts of the Taiwanese people. By embedding the Buddha's teachings into the hearts of the people of Taiwan, this causality has led to the development of Dharma and understanding of the Buddha's wisdom.Later, the introduction of Theravada Buddhism to Taiwan has further expanded the realm of practice for Buddhist practitioners, allowing them to find and learn from the most original teachings as a reference. In light of this, it has motivated the author to explore the religious significance of architectural prototypes in Theravada Buddhism. Through research methods such as literature review, field investigation, expert interviews, and questionnaire surveys, this study establishes a prototype framework for the main architectural units and their composition in Theravada Buddhist temples. Based on the teachings of Buddhist scriptures, it analyzes the religious significance of the architectural units in Theravada Buddhist temples, serving as a reference for architectural planning and design guidelines for Theravada Buddhist temples in Taiwan. The research begins with an introduction, outlining the motivations and objectives behind the study. The second chapter is a comprehensive literature review and overview. The third chapter explores the core teachings of Theravada Buddhism, with a particular focus on Zen practices. Through case studies and interviews with monks who have personally experienced meditation, the research compares and contrasts the Zen practices of Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism. A survey is also included to gauge the expectations and practices of Taiwanese followers of Theravada Buddhism. Moving on to the fourth chapter, the study shifts to a case analysis of Theravada Buddhist temples, selecting temples with historical architectural significance. The aim is to identify the functions and compositional characteristics of the main architectural units of Theravada Buddhist temples, and to establish the prototype structure of Theravada Buddhist architecture. In the fifth chapter- Religious Significance of the Architectural Prototype of Theravada Buddhist Temples is an analysis of the religious significance and functions of the Architectural Prototype of Theravada temples, based on the religious doctrines in Buddhist scriptures, as a reference for the planning and design criteria of Theravada Buddhist temples in Taiwan. The sixth chapter- Conclusions and Recommendations, emphasizes the importance of architectural prototypes and their religious implications in the planning and design of Buddhist temple architecture in Taiwan. Relevant case studies are cited to illustrate the key points. Key words: Taiwanese Buddhism Theravada Buddhism Architectural Prototypes
Appears in Collections:	[Department of Architecture and Urban Design & Graduate Institute of Architecture and Urban Planning ] thesis

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