本研究主要探討臺灣青少年知覺父母條件式正向關愛（Parental Conditional Positive Regard, PCPR）和知覺父母條件式負向關愛（Parental Conditional Negative Regard, PCNR）對於基本心理需求滿足與受挫（Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration, BPNSF）及親子依附關係的影響。有鑑於我國在教養信念與親子互動上與西方有所不同，本研究以臺灣八縣市共458名青少年為研究對象，採用集群分析與多變量變異數分析，以檢驗我國青少年知覺PCPR和PCNR在BPNSF及親子依附上的差異。根據集群分析結果，受試者分為三個群組，分別為：（1）「高負向控制」；（2）「低負向控制」；（3）「矛盾控制」。研究結果顯示：（1）「高負向控制」的心理需求滿足顯著低於另外兩組；（2）其心理需求受挫顯著高於其他群兩組；（3）該群組的逃避依附傾向顯著高於其他兩組；（4）其焦慮依附傾向顯著高於「矛盾控制」，而「矛盾控制」又高於「低負向控制」。研究結果反映，臺灣青少年對PCPR和PCNR的感知與西方青少年可能存在差異。PCPR和PCNR對於我國青少年而言可能具有本土的特殊意涵。此現象可能與華人文化重視成就與親子關係中的存在的條件性關愛有關，亦顯示臺灣青少年對PCPR和PCNR的接受度和適應性值得未來研究加以延伸探究。
The main purpose of this study examines the influence of Taiwanese adolescents’ perceptions of Parental Conditional Positive Regard (PCPR) and Parental Conditional Negative Regard (PCNR) on their Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration (BPNSF) and child-parent attachment. Considering the differences in parenting beliefs and child-parent interactions between Taiwan and Western contexts, the study recruited 458 adolescents from eight cities/counties in Taiwan. Cluster analysis and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were conducted to explore variations in BPNSF and child-parent attachment among adolescents. Based on the cluster analysis, participants were categorized into three groups: (1) High Negative Control, (2) Low Negative Control, and (3) Ambivalent Control.
The findings revealed that:
1. Adolescents in the High Negative Control group reported significantly lower need satisfaction compared to the other two groups.
2. Their need frustration was significantly higher than that of the other two groups.
3. This group exhibited significantly higher levels of avoidant attachment compared to the other two groups.
4. Their anxious attachment was significantly higher than that of the Ambivalent Control group, which, in turn, was higher than that of the Low Negative Control group.
These results suggest that Taiwanese adolescents’ perceptions of PCPR and PCNR may differ from those of their Western counterparts. PCPR and PCNR might carry unique cultural connotations for Taiwanese adolescents, reflecting the influence of Confucian values, such as an emphasis on achievement and conditional regard within child-parent relationships. The findings highlight the need for future research to further investigate the acceptability and adaptability of PCPR and PCNR within the Taiwanese cultural context.
