我國與歐盟食品安全法制之研究— 以安全容許標準之訂定為中心

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Title:	我國與歐盟食品安全法制之研究— 以安全容許標準之訂定為中心 Research on Food Safety Legal System in Taiwan and EU— Focusing on the Establishment of Safety Standards
Authors:	莊立瑜 CHUANG, LI-YU
Contributors:	法律學系
Keywords:	食品安全安全容許標準萊克多巴胺中央與地方分權歐盟一般食品安全法 Food Safety Safety Standards Central-Local Division of Powers EU General Food Law Ractopamine
Date:	2024
Issue Date:	2025-02-21 16:13:05 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本文探討我國與歐盟食品安全法制之比較，重點聚焦於安全容許標準之訂定及法理基礎。食品安全對人類健康之重要性，以及全球化背景下食品安全管理之複雜性。隨著製造科技快速發展，環境污染物種類不斷推陳出新且進入食品供應鏈，使得食品遭受污染之機會增多。全球化亦使食品安全問題更趨複雜，食品從農場到餐桌之產製過程，若其中環節出現食品污染，可能影響到在地球另一邊消費者之健康。首先分析我國憲法下中央與地方立法權限之劃分，從五權分立原則出發，探討權力分立之起源與目的，並闡述我國特有之五權分立制度。其次，研究我國食品安全法制之發展歷程、基本原則及組織架構，特別以萊克多巴胺容許劑量之訂定為實例進行深入探討。在歐盟部分，從其發展背景談起，分析歐盟食品安全法制之特色、組織架構及運作機制。歐盟於2002年通過一般食品規則，建立歐洲食品安全局，重新建構整體食品安全管理體系。以歐盟對於含萊克多巴胺進口肉品之政策，並與我國政策進行比較分析，透過比較研究發現，我國與歐盟在食品安全法制上存在諸多差異，特別是在風險評估機構之獨立性、專業性及風險溝通機制等方面。本文建議參考歐盟經驗，應建立常設性之風險評估專責機構，強化中央與地方之分工機制，並建立完整之風險溝通管道。最後，我國未來在完善食品安全法制時，除借鏡歐盟經驗外，更要考量本土特性，建立符合國情之制度。 This study investigates the comparative legal frameworks of food safety in Taiwan and the European Union (EU), with a particular focus on the establishment of safety standards and their legal foundations. Food safety is a critical aspect of public health, and its management has become increasingly intricate within the context of globalization. The rapid advancement of manufacturing technologies has introduced new types of environmental pollutants into the food supply chain, thereby heightening the risk of contamination. Furthermore, globalization has added layers of complexity, as contamination at any stage of food production—from farm to table—can have far-reaching effects on consumers worldwide. The analysis begins with an examination of the division of legislative authority between central and local governments under Taiwan’s Constitution, rooted in the principle of separation of powers. Taiwan's unique five-power system is elaborated upon, highlighting its origins, purposes, and implications. The study then delves into the evolution, fundamental principles, and organizational framework of Taiwan’s food safety legal system, with a specific focus on the case of ractopamine residue standards as an illustrative example. In the context of the EU, the discussion addresses its historical development, the distinctive features of its food safety legal framework, and its operational mechanisms. The enactment of the General Food Law in 2002 marked a transformative milestone, introducing the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and reconfiguring the EU’s food safety management system. A comparative analysis of the EU's policy on the importation of meat containing ractopamine and Taiwan's corresponding policy reveals substantial differences, particularly in the independence and professionalism of risk assessment bodies and the effectiveness of risk communication mechanisms. Based on these findings, this study recommends that Taiwan draw on the EU’s experience by establishing a permanent, specialized institution for risk assessment, enhancing coordination mechanisms between central and local governments, and implementing comprehensive risk communication strategies. While adopting EU practices offers valuable insights, Taiwan must also consider its local socio-cultural and regulatory contexts to develop a food safety framework that aligns with its national conditions.
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