警察使用人臉辨識系統相關法制之研究

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题名:	警察使用人臉辨識系統相關法制之研究 Legal Study on Police Using Facial Recognition System
作者:	洪維辰 HUNG, WEI-CHEN
贡献者:	法律學系
关键词:	人臉辨識系統隱私權警察職權行使法法律保留原則個人資料保護 Face Recognition System privacy right Police Power Exercise Act Principle of legal reservation personal data protection
日期:	2025
上传时间:	2025-02-21 15:28:33 (UTC+8)
摘要:	人臉辨識技術，在對於「特定資料庫中既有存在之人員資料」及「禁制人員進出」之管制上，有著極度卓越的效果。在進入21世紀後近十餘年以來，世界各國政府機關，包括我國與歐盟各國，在其執行公務有著逐漸將大數據資料庫與人臉辨識技術作為應用手段之普及傾向。然警察作為危害防止與犯罪偵查實行之要角，其措施之採行與人民集體公共利益及個人權利均息息相關，而在科技演進之背景下，科技手段之引入的確能使許多固有之問題得以更有效率的解決，亦可對於新興之需求提供相對應之舉措。但同樣得益於當代資訊流通之便捷，人民對於個人自身權利，如個人資料保護及隱私權等認知與意識亦逐漸提升，因此在使用人臉辨識科技背後所帶來之公共利益與人民基本權利限制間之權衡，實有其探究之意義，不應僅片面著眼於得益之處而忽略應有之保障。本文主要欲探討我國警察執行職務時運用人臉辨識系統之態樣與相關法制之討論，主要以針對公共場域進行不特定多數人之人臉辨識，以及利用M-Police即時相片比對系統進行特定個人身分識別作為使用型態之區分。誠然行政法中有關危害防止之理念，乃人類社會共同希冀國家保護人民之固有理念之一，其係藉由透過預防性之行政手段或措施，得以降低風險轉為實害之發生可能，然其手段或措施亦可能帶來對人民權利一定之侵害。面對科技變化之衝擊，現今社會所追求之個人權利與保護安全間之取捨界線，與過往相較定然也有所不同，於此情形下，現行法制是否足以回應當今社會對於科技手施用之管制需求，實需自可能造成之權利侵害與其所帶來之利益等各項條件重新權衡檢視。故人臉辨識系統之應用與規範，實應經過法律保留原則、比例原則、最小侵害原則等諸多憲政基本精神，著重手段與目的之相稱性和手段必要性之考量，方得對其妥適與否有所評判。因此本文欲針對我國警察使用人臉辨識系統做討論，以其應遵循之法治框架及可能存在之爭議進行探究與解析，並提出個人之觀察結果與建議。 Facial Recognition Technology has demonstrated exceptional effectiveness in managing "personnel data already existing in specific databases" and "controlling access for restricted individuals." Over the past decade since the turn of the 21st century, governments worldwide, including those in our country and the European Union, have increasingly adopted the integration of big data databases with facial recognition technology in the execution of public duties. As a key player in harm prevention and criminal investigation, the police implement measures closely tied to both the collective public interest and individual rights. In the context of technological advancements, the introduction of such methods has indeed made it possible to address many existing issues more efficiently while providing solutions for emerging needs. However, the convenience of modern information flow has also heightened public awareness and understanding of individual rights, such as personal data protection and privacy. Thus, balancing the public benefits of facial recognition technology against the limitations it imposes on fundamental rights warrants thorough investigation. It is not appropriate to focus solely on the advantages without ensuring adequate safeguards. This article aims to explore the ways in which the police in our country utilize Facial Recognition Systems in their duties and the associated legal discussions. It distinguishes between two main usage scenarios: facial recognition of large, unspecified groups of individuals in public spaces and personal identity verification using the M-Police system. While the concept of harm prevention in administrative law is a universal principle reflecting society's expectation that the state will protect its people, it often involves preventive administrative measures to reduce the risk of harm turning into actual damage. These measures, however, may infringe upon certain individual rights. In the face of rapid technological advancements, the balance between individual rights and safety protection sought by today's society has undoubtedly shifted compared to the past. In this context, it is crucial to assess whether the current legal framework adequately addresses the regulatory needs of modern technological applications. Such an assessment requires re-examining and weighing the potential rights infringements against the benefits these technologies bring. Therefore, the application and regulation of Facial Recognition Systems must align with constitutional principles, such as the rule of law, proportionality, and the principle of minimal intrusion. Emphasis should be placed on evaluating the appropriateness of the means in relation to the ends and the necessity of the means. This article intends to discuss the use of Facial Recognition Systems by the police in our country, analyzing the legal framework they should adhere to and the potential controversies that may arise. Finally, it offers personal observations and recommendations.
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