| 摘要: | 依聯合國的推估，至2070年全球65歲以上高齡人口數占全球總人數的比率上升到20.1%，我國於2025年即將邁入超高齡社會，活化中高齡者及高齡者勞動力成為重要議題。
然而住宿及餐飲業因產業型態、人力結構的改變，及市場競爭激烈與本身產業低薪高工時等因素，面臨人力供需失衡的困境，成為我國目前主要缺工行業之一。因此，以高齡者繼續僱用補助制度為研究對象，並以住宿及餐飲業為例，探討高齡化的影響下，如何透過高齡者繼續僱用補助制度的推動，協助住宿及餐飲業解決人力缺口。
同時，透過文獻資料分析，對比我國與日本、韓國、新加坡高齡者繼續僱用補助制度的推動情況，透過深度訪談法，訪談住宿及餐飲業業者，探討其申請高齡者繼續僱用補助制度的情形。研究顯示，住宿及餐飲業確實因留用高齡者緩解了人力缺口問題。
雖然經濟補貼及簡便的申請程序提高了企業的申請意願，但年齡歧視及刻板印象卻影響高齡者的續留意願。據此，針對高流動率但人力需求高之住宿及餐飲業，提高補助金額，並考慮延長補助年齡及廢除年齡限制，及推動「有機會、可參與、得尊嚴」的高齡勞動社會，從而提升高齡者繼續僱用補助制度的效果，以因應高齡化帶來的挑戰。
According to estimates from the United Nations, by 2070, the global population aged 65 and above will constitute 20.1% of the total global population. In 2025, our country is expected to enter a super-aged society, making the activation of middle-aged and elderly labor forces a crucial issue.
However, the accommodation and food services industry is currently facing a labor shortage due to changes in industry patterns, workforce structures, intense market competition, and the inherent issues of low pay and long working hours. Therefore, one of the main industries facing labor shortages in our country is the accommodation and food services sector.This study focuses on the subsidy system for employing elderly individuals, using the accommodation and food services industry as a case study. It explores how, under the influence of aging demographics, promoting the subsidy system for employing elderly individuals can help the industry alleviate its labor shortage.
Additionally, through literature analysis and comparison with Japan, South Korea, and Singapore, the study examines the promotion of subsidy systems for employing elderly individuals in these countries. Using in-depth interviews with stakeholders in the accommodation and food services industry, the research discusses their experiences with applying for the subsidy system for employing elderly individuals. The study shows that retaining elderly workers indeed helps alleviate the labor shortage in the accommodation and food services industry.
While economic subsidies and simplified application procedures increase enterprises willingness to apply, age discrimination and stereotypes affect the willingness of elderly individuals to continue working. Based on this, for industries like accommodation and food services that have high turnover rates and high labor demands, enhancing subsidy amounts, considering extending the age limit for subsidies, abolishing age restrictions, and promoting a dignified working environment for elderly labor can enhance the effectiveness of the subsidy system for employing elderly individuals, thereby addressing the challenges brought by an aging society. |
