| 摘要: | 本文旨在從運動生物力學的角度分析優秀男子自由車選手在踩踏動作時下肢髖、膝、踝關節的運動學和肌電圖動作表現。目的：研究受試者踩踏下肢主力腳的髖關節、膝關節和踝關節的內收外展、內旋外旋等運動學角度。記錄臀大肌(GL)、股外側肌 (VL)、股內側肌 (VM)、股二頭肌 (BF)、半腱半膜肌 (SM)、內收長肌 (AL)、比目魚肌 (SOL) 和腓腸肌 (GM) 等8條下肢肌肉的肌電圖參數及踩踏動作表現，作為教練指導選手踩踏動作提供科學依據。方法：招募10名6年以上車齡的現役優秀男性自由車選手，平均年齡28.9±10.7歲、平均身高173.3±7.8公分、平均體重65.3±8.2公斤，以兩種不同的齒輪比全速踩踏1分鐘和3分鐘，施以重齒輪比 (50Tx11T) 和輕齒輪比 (36Tx11T) 負荷；透過慣性傳感器動作分析系統、無線肌電傳感器，分別擷取：下肢髖、膝、踝關節角度動作及8條肌肉肌電頻率訊號，採用無母數之魏克生符號檢定 (Wilcoxon sign rank)對資料進行分析與比較，顯著水準訂為α=.05。結果：受試者不論輕、重齒輪比3分鐘踩踏時：臀大肌斜率達顯著差異；股外側肌、股內側肌、腓腸肌、半腱半膜肌中位頻率最小值均達顯著差異；比目魚肌在中位頻率最大值、斜率上均達顯著差異。在1分鐘輕齒輪比踩踏時半腱半膜肌中位頻率最小值、大值；比目魚肌中位頻率最小值達顯著差異。結論：在運動學檢測選手下肢髖、膝、踝關節的角度變化，多偏向外展的角度，這可能是因為臀大肌及股外側肌較內縮長肌來得強，導致在重齒比時外展的角度偏大，是本研究的發現，是否為選手在內縮長肌的訓練上不足，是後續相關研究可以探討的課題。
This study aims to analyze the kinematics and electromyography (EMG) performance of during pedaling movements of elite male cyclists from a biomechanical perspective. Objectives: The study monitored the adduction, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation kinematic angles of the hip, knee, and ankle joints of the lower limbs when stepping with their dominant foot. Also it recorded the electromyography (EMG) analysis of 8 lower limb muscles, including gluteus maximus (GL), vastus laterals (VL), vastus medialis (VM), biceps femora’s (BF), semitendinosus mimembranosus (SM), adductor longus (AL), soleus (SOL) and Gastrocnemius muscle (GM) mobility parameters. Methods: Ten elite male cyclists with over 6 years of riding experience (mean age 28.9±10.7 years, mean height 173.3±7.8 cm, mean weight 65.3±8.2 kg). They pedaled with full speed for 1 minute and 3 minutes in two different gear ratios: (50Tx11T) and (36Tx11T). Data of the hip, knee, and ankle joints were captured using an inertial sensor motion system, while wireless electromyography sensors recorded muscle activation patterns. This study used the Wilcoxon sign rank test to analyze and compare the data. The results showed the differences in the kinematic angles of the lower limbs and muscle electromyography parameters of the Ten subjects are statistically significant at α=.05. Results: Significant differences were found in gluteus maximus slope during 3-minute pedaling irrespective of gear ratio. Among EMG parameters, significant differences were observed in median frequency of vastus lateral is, vastus medial is, gastrocnemius, and semitendinosus muscles during 3-minute pedaling. Significant differences were also noted in median frequency and slope of soleus muscle during 1-minute pedaling with the light gear ratio. Conclusion: Kinematic analysis revealed a tendency towards abduction angles at the hip, knee, and ankle joints during pedaling, potentially influenced by greater strength in gluteus maximus and vastus lateralis compared to adductor longus. This study highlights the need for further investigation into training strategies targeting adductor muscles to optimize cycling performance. |
