| 摘要: | 在攝影創作中，構圖一直以來都被視為攝影師必須要掌握的重要技巧之一。一幅優秀的攝影作品，除了需要有豐富的內涵和情感表達外，更需要有精心設計的構圖作為支撐。構圖不僅僅是將畫面中的元素有序地排列和組合，更是一種能夠引導觀者視線和注意力的視覺策略。在這其中，引導線構圖更是一種強而有效的手段，能夠在畫面中引導觀者的視線，並且影響觀者的認知心理過程。然而，關於引導線構圖如何影響觀者的認知心理過程，目前仍缺乏深入的研究。因此，本研究以30位大學生為受試者，進行了兩個階段的心理實驗。第一階段，透過眼動儀來追蹤受試者對攝影作品和簡單圖形的注視情況；第二階段，則透過主觀評量的方式，瞭解觀者對美感、複雜感以及方向感的主觀感受。透過實驗希望能夠深入探討視覺引導線構圖法在攝影創作中的應用，特別關注其對觀者視線注視的影響。透過分析觀者眼球視線注視的分佈區域和視線軌跡特徵，本研究試圖解析攝影作品中引導線構圖的特性對視覺心理歷程和觀看模式的影響，期望能夠找出影響觀者注意力的關鍵因素，並且為攝影創作者提供更深入的構圖指導，使他們能夠更好地設計出能夠吸引觀眾目光的作品。這項研究將有助於更好地理解攝影作品中構圖的重要性，並為攝影創作提供更具體的指導和幫助。
本研究採用實驗法並透過眼動追蹤，觀察熱區圖及視線軌跡的結果顯示，引導線構圖在攝影作品中扮演著相當重要的角色。研究指出，引導線構圖能夠有效地引導觀者的視線至其終點或交集處，進而提升觀者對作品的關注度和興趣。除此之外，研究還發現觀者的視線軌跡受到攝影作品是否具有明確主體的影響。當作品有明確主體時，觀者的視線較為集中，當刺激材料為簡單圖形時，觀者的視線則較為分散。此外，透過軌跡圖的分析更可發現大部分觀者的第一眼會落在整體畫面的中央處。因此，引導線構圖不僅能夠引導觀者的視線，還能夠影響觀者對攝影作品的整體感知和理解。透過主觀評量結果發現，當引導線構圖的作品中具有主體時，觀者對於美感和複雜感的主觀感受也隨之增強，同時對畫面的方向感有所降低，而畫面的複雜程度與觀者對美感的感受呈現正相關，但與方向感的感受呈現負相關。
透過精心設計引導線，攝影師能夠引領觀眾的目光，在畫面中巧妙地佈局元素，讓整個畫面更加生動有趣。這種技巧不僅能夠提高攝影作品的藝術價值，同時也能夠豐富觀眾的觀賞體驗。引導線構圖法更能夠幫助攝影師更好地表達情感和故事。通過精心設計引導線，攝影師能夠在畫面中巧妙地安排元素，使得整個畫面充滿故事性和情感共鳴。觀眾在欣賞這些作品時，能夠更加深入地理解攝影師想要表達的內容，產生共鳴和情感共振。
In photography, composition has always been regarded as one of the essential techniques that photographers must master. An excellent photographic work requires not only rich content and emotional expression but also meticulously designed compo-sition as its backbone. Composition involves not just the orderly arrangement and com-bination of elements within the frame but also serves as a visual strategy that can guide the viewer's gaze and attention. Among these strategies, Leading lines are a particularly powerful and effective means of directing the viewer's eye within the image and in-fluencing their cognitive processes. However, there is currently a lack of in-depth re-search on how Leading lines in composition affect the viewer's cognitive psychology.
To address this gap, this study conducted psychological experiments with 30 uni-versity students in two phases. In the first phase, eye-tracking technology was used to monitor the subjects' gaze patterns on photographic works and simple graphics. In the second phase, subjective assessments were used to understand the viewers' subjective feelings about aesthetics, complexity, and sense of direction. The aim of the experi-ments was to explore the application of visual Leading lines in photographic composi-tion, with a particular focus on their impact on viewer gaze fixation. By analyzing the distribution areas of the viewers' gaze fixation and the characteristics of their gaze tra-jectories, this study seeks to elucidate the influence of Leading lines in photographic composition on visual cognitive processes and viewing patterns, aiming to identify key factors that affect viewer attention and provide more in-depth compositional guidance for photographers to create more engaging works.
The study employed experimental methods and eye-tracking to observe heat maps and gaze trajectories. The results indicate that Leading lines play a significant role in photographic works. The research shows that Leading lines can effectively direct the viewer's gaze to their endpoints or intersections, thereby increasing the viewer's atten-tion and interest in the work. Additionally, the study found that the viewer's gaze tra-jectory is influenced by whether the photographic work has a clear subject. When there is a clear subject, the viewer's gaze is more focused; when the stimuli are simple graphics, the gaze is more dispersed. Furthermore, analysis of the gaze trajectories re-vealed that most viewers' first gaze tends to fall on the center of the overall image. Thus, Leading lines not only direct the viewer's gaze but also influence the overall per-ception and understanding of the photographic work.
Subjective assessment results showed that when the works with Leading lines in-cluded a subject, viewers' subjective feelings of aesthetics and complexity increased, while their sense of direction decreased. The complexity of the image was positively correlated with viewers' sense of aesthetics but negatively correlated with their sense of direction. Through carefully designed Leading lines, photographers can lead the view-ers' eyes, strategically arranging elements within the frame to make the entire image more vivid and interesting. This technique not only enhances the artistic value of pho-tographic works but also enriches the viewer's viewing experience. Moreover, Leading lines can help photographers better express emotions and stories. By skillfully arranging elements within the frame through Leading lines, photographers can imbue the entire image with narrative and emotional resonance, enabling viewers to more deeply under-stand the intended message and experience resonance and emotional empathy. |
