| 摘要: | 細部計畫1:調查及研究適合本土之動物福祉政策鵪鶉於台灣光復初期自日本引進台灣，台灣目前鵪鶉飼養場大約57場，目前飼養數量約有 210~220萬隻，日產蛋量約17~18公噸，年產值為10億以上，含肉用與蛋用。 我國鵪鶉飼養歷史悠久，但因為在過去並未列為法定家禽，無論在飼養規模、密度、型態等都缺乏統計及規範，而產業本身也良莠不齊，發展不易。近年來，國際間各種農場動物的動 物福祉都廣受重視，而鵪鶉因為其數量及規模之故，雖在國際間有受到關注 ，然我國卻缺乏動物福祉之觀念，也未曾討論過鵪鶉之動物福祉政策。行政院農業委員會已於111年1月1日起，將鵪鶉列為我國法定之家禽之一，產業隨即面對各種挑戰。111年度，農委會召集學術專家形成鵪鶉團隊，針對鵪鶉產業進行訪視與調查，並於現採採樣分析其生產效益及動物福祉現況，發現國內鵪鶉場普遍設備簡陋、規劃不足，尤其在通風與生物安全部分，尚有許多改善之空間。而綜觀各場之動物福祉現況，亦普遍顯現福祉不佳的情形，因此亟待於後續除輔導各場改善其環境與設施外，對於飼養密度與飼養籠高度，有必要提出適合本土使用且符合動物福祉之條件。本計畫擬延續前一年度工作，繼續調查鵪鶉業者，並針對獲選輔導改善之示範場，再度進行動物福祉指標之觀察、現場採樣之分析，評估其改善環境及設施是否相對也改善動物福祉。此外，由於現有所有蛋鵪鶉場之飼養密度與飼養籠高度皆遠低於國際間建議之規範，但在無充分本土數據支持下，亦無法確定適用之規格。因此有必要進行本土規範之建立，以茲參考。111年度已初步透過蒐集國際間文獻資料及參考國際間鵪鶉之動物福祉政策，提出適合本土條件之動物福祉政策參考。本年度擬依據該建議，建立本土之福祉指標與規範(定義與指南)之草案。
細部計畫2:以111年度選定之鵪鶉場建議改善後之飼養管理及生產效能評估據中華民國鵪鶉協會110年第3季之統計，全台鵪鶉飼養場數達57場，總在養量達200餘萬隻，且有逐漸增加之趨勢。經111年調查並評估現有鵪鶉飼養場6至10場所歸納出適合本土鵪鶉之飼養密度、設備及管理。本年度將針對111年調查訪視之6至10場鵪鶉飼養場於進行追蹤訪視進行現場輔導及改善建議，並進行評估在飼養密度、飼養設備等條件改善後，對鵪鶉飼養環境及蛋品質成績之效果評估期找出較適合台灣地區之飼養條件，包含禽舍型態、飼養環境及管理，以供產業參考，期找出較適合台灣地區之飼養條件，包含禽舍型態條件、飼養環境及管理，以供產學研界參考。
細部計畫3:鵪鶉糞便製成有機質肥料之特性研究臺灣地區總計飼養之鵪鶉數量約有200萬隻，鵪鶉糞便目前之處理方式為經乾燥後直接裝袋販售，但鵪鶉糞便的碳氮比低，分解甚為迅速，對於土壤有機質之貢獻度低，且會產生環境污染問題，如能製作成有機質肥料，則可以達到廢棄物再利用與增加土壤肥力之貢獻。本計畫預計利用鵪鶉糞便製作成不同有機質肥料，並透過孵育試驗及盆栽試驗，了解其養分釋放及對土壤、作物生長之影響，以作為鵪鶉糞便再利用之參考。
細部計畫4:標準國內蛋用鵪鶉飼養手冊編撰完成及肉用鵪鶉飼養手冊初稿完成本計畫目標係第二年度編撰國內標準鵪鶉飼養手冊，分為兩部分進行，(1)彙整國內蛋用鵪鶉飼養基礎資料，編撰手冊供鵪鶉飼養之參考。(2)國內標準肉用鵪鶉飼養手冊初稿撰寫完成，內容包含蒐集國內外研究資訊、國內優良飼養戶相關飼養資料，飼料成分、生物安全、市場與動物福祉政策等等，提供國內業者標準飼養管理模式，以提升鵪鶉產業生產性能、增加鵪鶉農戶的利潤、降低生產成本及飼養過程中對環境之影響，促進整體鵪鶉產業發展。
1:Investigation and research for optimal localized quail animal welfare policyQuails were introduced to Taiwan for a long time. Currently, there are about 57 quail farms in Taiwan. The number of quails is about 2.1-2.2 million. The daily egg production is about 17-18 tons, and the annual output value is more than 1 billion. Quail was not listed as poultry in the past, there is a lack of statistics and regulations and the quality of the industry itself is also quite different, and its development is not easy. In recent years, the animal welfare of various farm animals has been widely paid attention to internationally. Although quail has attracted international attention because of its quantity and size, our country lacks the concept of animal welfare, and has never discussed quail welfare policy. The Agricultural Committee of the Executive Yuan has listed quail as one of the domestic poultry of our country since January 1, 2022, and the industry immediately faced various challenges. Last year, the Council of Agriculture convened academic experts to form a quail team to conduct visits and investigations on the quail industry, and collected samples to analyze its production efficiency and animal welfare indicators. It was found that domestic quail farms generally have poor equipment and insufficient planning, especially in ventilation. As for biosafety, there is still much room for improvement. Looking at the current situation of animal welfare in various farms, it is generally found that the welfare is not good. Therefore, it is urgent to provide advice on improving the environment and facilities of each farm in the follow-up. Regarding the housing density and cage height, it is necessary to propose suitable for local use and meet the needs of animals. This project intends to continue the work of the previous year, continue to investigate the quail industry, and conduct the observation of animal welfare indicators and analysis of on-site sampling for the selected farms, and evaluate whether the improved environment and facilities can also improve animal welfare. In addition, because the stocking density and cage height of all existing egg quail farms are far below the known quidlines, but without sufficient local data support, it is impossible to determine the applicable values. Therefore, it is necessary to establish local data for reference. In 2022, we initially put forward animal welfare policy references suitable for local conditions by reviewing international literature and referring to international quail animal welfare policies. This year, it is planned to establish a draft of local animal welfare indicators and guidlines (definitions and guidelines) based on this suggestion.
2:Feeding management and production efficiency evaluation after the proposed improvement of the quail farm selected in 2011According to the statistics of the third quarter of the Republic of China Quail Association in 110, the number of quail feeding farms in Taiwan reached 57, and the total feeding amount reached more than 2 million, and there is a trend of gradual increase. After 111 years of investigation and evaluation of 6 to 10 quail farms, the stocking density, equipment and management suitable for local quail have been concluded. This year, we will conduct follow-up visits to 6 to 10 quail breeding farms in 111 to conduct and evaluate on the results after improvement. After conditions such as stocking density and breeding equipment are improved, the quail breeding environment will be improved. And the evaluation of the effect of egg quality performance, we will also look forward to finding out more suitable breeding conditions in Taiwan, including the type of poultry house, breeding environment and management for reference.
3:Study on the characteristics of organic fertilizer made from quail manureThere are about 200 million quails in Taiwan and large amount of faeces are produced each year. These feces were sold after air drying and then applied directly to croplands. Because of the low carbon to nitrogen ratio of quail feces, the application of raw feces is not helpful on enhancing the organic matter content of soil. In this study, quail feces will be processed to organic fertilizers. A incubation experiment and a pot experiment will be conducted to assess the release of nutrients during mineralization and also on the soil properties and also the yield of crop.
4:Compilation of standard feeding manual for domestic egg quails and first draft of meat quail feeding manual completedThe objective of this project is to compile the manual of domestic quail standard feeding for second year. This project is divided into two parts :(1) organizing information of domestic quail feeding to makes manuals for the reference of raising quails.(2) writing manuals which include domestic and foreign research information, the list of excellent farmers, feed composition, biosecurity,market and the animal welfare policy, etc. so that they can supply standard model of quail feeding for domestic farmers to raise production performance, increase profit, decrease cost and impacts on the environment from feeding process in order to promote the development of the whole quail industry. |
