| 摘要: | 本試驗於台灣南部一個種豬場進行，收集2021年4月至2022年2月，包含藍瑞斯與約克夏兩個品種共339頭母豬與4,403頭仔豬的繁殖資料及母豬於配種、懷孕108天及離乳時身體狀態的性狀，探討母豬體重、背脂厚度、主觀體態評分、卡尺評分對母豬繁殖性能的影響。所有資料應用SAS PROC GLM程序分析。結果顯示，母豬的體重、背脂厚度、目視評分及卡尺評分隨著胎次有上升或下降的趨勢，各評估方法在母豬泌乳期間的變化，體重方面藍瑞斯母豬各胎次的泌乳體重損失較約克夏母豬高，並且第1～2胎母豬的泌乳期間損失較其他胎次多；第1胎母豬懷孕期間的身體狀態變化大部分呈負成長，且泌乳期間的損失較多。懷孕108天時的背脂厚度，藍瑞斯為14～21 mm、約克夏為12～14 mm、不分品種則為17～20 mm；藍瑞斯、約克夏及不分品種母豬之卡尺評分皆為3分（5分制）較適當。本研究結果發現，母豬的背脂厚度與卡尺評分在適當的體態下，綜合的繁殖性狀結果較佳。泌乳期間的變化，於泌乳期間的體重、背脂厚度、卡尺評分損失較低的藍瑞斯母豬均有提升下一胎出生總頭數的趨勢（P > 0.05），約克夏母豬若於泌乳期間背脂厚度損失< 2 mm可減少離乳至再配種間距、分娩間距1.07天與4.43天（P < 0.05），卡尺評分損失< 0.5 unit也可減少分娩間距6.14天（P < 0.05），體重損失< 21.5 kg可增加下一胎出生總仔數2.78頭（P < 0.05），母豬群的泌乳期間身體狀態變化體重（< 24 kg）、背脂厚度（< 2 mm）及卡尺評分（< 0.5 unit）的母豬可提升下一胎出生總頭數分別為2.27頭、0.74頭、1.36頭（P < 0.05）。本研究結果證明體重、背脂厚度及卡尺評分，是監督母豬身體狀態，提升繁殖性能重要的性狀；台灣母豬群於懷孕期間的背脂厚度與卡尺評分指標，以及泌乳期間的損失與後續繁殖性能的關聯也同時建立。
The study was conducted at a breeding farm in southern Taiwan. Reproductive data from April 2021 to February 2022, including a total of 339 Landrace and Yorkshire sows and 4,403 piglets were collected. The body condition (BC) traits of sows at mating, 108 days of gestation, and at weaning, were analyzed to study the effects of sow body weight, backfat thickness, subjective body condition score, and caliper score on reproductive traits of sows. All data were analyzed using the PROC GLM procedure in SAS. The results showed that the sow's body weight, backfat thickness, visual score and caliper score tend to increase or decrease with the parity. The lactation weight loss of Landrace in each parity is higher than that of Yorkshire sows, and the loss during lactation of the first to second parity sows is greater than that of other parities. Most changes in the body condition of the first parity sows during pregnancy show negative growth, and the losses during lactation were greater. Backfat thickness at 108 days of gestation was 14~21 mm for Landrace, 12~14 mm for Yorkshire, and 17~20 mm regardless of breed. The BC caliper score of 3 points on a 5-point scale was more optimal both for Landrace and Yorkshire sows. Results of this study found that when the backfat thickness and caliper score of sows are in optimal body condition, the overall reproductive traits will perform better. The body weight, backfat thickness, and BC caliper score of Landrace sows with lower losses during lactation were all tend to increase in litter size of next parity, but it is not at significant level. For Yorkshire sows, the loss of backfat < 2 mm during lactation reduces WSI and FI by 1.07 d and 4.43 d (P< 0.05), the loss of caliper score < 0.5 unit can also reduce FI by 6.14 d (P< 0.05), and the weight loss < 21.5 kg increases the total number of piglets born in the next parity by 2.78 (P< 0.05). Sows with lower body weight (< 24 kg), backfat thickness (< 2 mm), and BC caliper score (< 0.5 unit) loss during lactation increase the total number of piglets born in the next parity by 2.27, 0.74, and 1.36 piglets (P< 0.05). Results of this study indicated that body weight, backfat thickness and BC caliper score are useful traits to monitor the body condition of sows and therefor to improve reproductive performance. The evaluation indicator of backfat and BC caliper score during pregnancy, as well as associations between losses of these traits during lactation and subsequent reproductive performance were also developed. |
