| 摘要: | 最低工資制度乃係保障勞動者最低生活水準之一重要制度。我國現行之最低工資法制為勞動基準法所規定之基本工資。為落實總統蔡英文於2016年提出訂定最低工資法之政見，勞動部遂於2018年11月30日擬定最低工資法草案，該草案已於2023年9月21日經行政院院會通過送立法院審識，立法院並於同年12月12日三讀通過，將咨請總統公布施行。
本研究之研究對象包括我國與美國及日本之最低工資法制。本研究之目的主要包括以下面向：一、探討我國最低工資法制之沿革、現制內容、實況以及影響；二、探討美國及日本最低工資法制之沿革以及現制內容；三、比較我國與美國及日本間最低工資法制之異同；四、透過比較分析釐清我國最低工資法制不足之處，並提出因對之道。
本研究採取文獻分析法與比較研究法等兩種質性研究方法，同時採取臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統等8種研究工具與資源進行文獻探討及研究資料之蒐集。
本研究分別就法律層級、適用範圍、參照指標、最低工資種類、法定最低工資、檢視及調整時間、決定過程、審議委員會組成、違反最低工資規範罰則等9點進行我國與美國及日本最低工資法制之比較，三國法制各有其優、缺點。
綜合我國與美國及日本等三國最低工資法制之相關比較分析結果，發現我國最低工資法制有下列五點問題值得檢討：一、違法者之罰則過輕；二、審議機制欠缺周延；三、參照指標有待商榷；四、專法施行有待配套；五、大幅調整將有負面影響。因此，本研究針對前述問題檢討提出下列五點之法制建議：一、具體規定違反最低工資法之罰則；二、強化審議機制；三、調整最低工資參照指標；四、增列專法實施之緩衝期；五、以溫和漸進方式調整最低工資。最後，本研究提出後續研究之建議為：擴大比較對象、深入分析執行效果抑或研究最低工資對我國經濟發展與勞工基本生活保障之影響。
The minimum wage system is an important system to ensure the minimum living standards of workers. Our country's current minimum wage legal system is the basic wage stipulated in the Labor Standards Act. In order to implement President Tsai Ing-wen’s political opinion on amending the minimum wage law in 2016, the Ministry of Labor formulated a draft of the minimum wage law on November 30, 2018. The draft was passed by the Executive Yuan on September 21, 2023. It was submitted to the Legislative Yuan for review, and the Legislative Yuan passed the third reading on December 12 of the same year, and requested the President to announce and implement it.
The research objects of this study include the minimum wage legal systems in our country, the United States and Japan. The purpose of this study mainly includes the following aspects: 1. Discuss the history, current content, reality and impact of our country’s minimum wage legal system; 2. Discuss the history and current content of minimum wage laws in the United States and Japan; 3. Compare the similarities and differences in minimum wage legal systems between our country, the United States and Japan; 4. Through comparative analysis, we will clarify the shortcomings of our country’s minimum wage legal system and propose solutions.
This study adopts two qualitative research methods, including literature analysis and comparative research, and uses 8 research tools and resources, including the National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan, to conduct literature discussion and research data collection.
This study analyzes the minimum wages in our country, the United States and Japan on 9 points including legal level, scope of application, reference indicators, minimum wage types, legal minimum wages, review and adjustment time, decision process, review committee composition, and penalties for violating minimum wage norms. Comparing the legal systems, the legal systems of the three countries each have their own advantages and disadvantages.
Comprehensive analysis of the relevant comparative analysis of the minimum wage legal systems in our country, the United States and Japan, it is found that the following five issues in our country's minimum wage legal system are worthy of review: 1. The penalties for offenders are too light; 2. The review mechanism lacks comprehensiveness; 3. References The indicators need to be discussed; 4. The implementation of special laws needs to be supported; 5. Substantial adjustments will have negative impacts. Therefore, this study puts forward the following five legal suggestions in response to the review of the aforementioned issues: 1. Specifically stipulate the penalties for violating the minimum wage law; 2. Strengthen the review mechanism; 3. Adjust the minimum wage reference indicators; 4. Add special laws for implementation Buffer period; 5. Adjust the minimum wage in a gentle and gradual manner. Finally, this study proposes suggestions for follow-up research: expanding the comparison objects, in-depth analysis of implementation effects, or studying the impact of the minimum wage on our country's economic development and workers' basic living security. |
