| 摘要: | 本研究主要在探討臺灣地區之中高齡製造業從業人員個人背景變項、社會參與及退休再就業需求之現況，研究不同個人背景變項在社會參與及退休再就業需求上的差異，並分析它們之間的相關性。
本研究採用調查法，使用網路問卷進行調查。研究對象為臺灣地區年滿 45-64 歲之製造業從業人員。本研究採用便利取樣方式，共回收419份網路問卷，回覆率為100 %。本研究所使用的問卷測量工具包括「個人基本資料」（9題）、「社會參與量表」（27題）及「退休再就業需求量表」（32題），合計共 68 題。
本研究使用描述性統計、單一樣本t檢定、獨立樣本 t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析、多元迴歸分析及雪費事後比較法等統計方法進行分析。研究結果如下：
一、中高齡製造業從業人員整體的「社會參與」各層面現況以「休閒活動」居首，其次依序為「學習活動」、「志願服務」、「宗教活動」及「政治活動」；中高齡製造業從業人員整體的「退休在就業需求」層面現況以「安全需求」居首，其次依序為「自我實現需求」、「歸屬需求」、「經濟需求」及「尊重需求」。
二、中高齡製造業從業人員整體的「社會參與」會因「年齡」與「就業狀況」之不同而有顯著差異；中高齡製造業從業人員整體的「退休再就業需求」會因「年齡」、「經濟狀況」、「健康狀況」、「職業類別」與「就業狀況」之不同有顯著差異。
三、中高齡製造業從業人員「整體社會參與」及「整體退休再就業需求」無顯著相關，但受試者之「整體社會參與」及「經濟需求」呈負相關；「整體社會參與」及「歸屬需求」、「自我實現需求」則呈正相關。
四、中高齡製造業從業人員不同「個人背景變項」及「社會參與」對「退休再就業需求」具有解釋力。
最後依據本研究之調查結果，將提供給中高齡製造業從業人員、政府相關單位及未來研究者參考。
The purpose of the study was to investigate the personal background variables, social participation, and retirees’ re-employment needs among middle-aged and older employees in manufacturing industry in Taiwan, and to analyze the differences and correlations between the aforementioned variables. The study adopted the survey method and convenience sampling procedure through online questionnaire to recruit study participants. The study participants were employees in manufacturing industry in Taiwan who aged between 45 and 64. In the study, a total of 419 valid online questionnaires were collected with a response rate of 100%. The measurement tools used in the research include “personal background information” (9 items), “Social Participation Scale” (27 items), and “Retirees’ Re-Employment Needs Scale” (32 items), with a total of 68 items. Descriptive statistics, one-sample t-test, independent sample t test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s product moment correlation, multiple regression analysis, and Scheffé post-hoc test were used for data analysis. The results are as followed. The ranking of subscales scores in the “Social Participation Scale” among the middle-aged and older employees in manufacturing industry from high to low scores are leisure activities, learning activities, voluntary service, religious activities, and political activities respectively. The ranking of subscales scores in the “Retirees’ Re-Employment Needs Scale” among the study participants from high to low scores are needs of security, needs of self-actualization, needs of attribution, economic needs, and needs of respect respectively. Age and employment status are found statistically significant different in social participation among the study participants. Age, economic status, health condition, occupation, and employment status are found statistically significant different in retirees’ re-employment needs among the study participants. There is no statistically significant correlation between social participation and retirees’ re-employment needs in the study participants; however, there is a negative correlation between social participation and economic needs and a positive correlation between social participation, needs of attribution, and between social participation and needs of self-actualization. Different personal background variables and social participation have explanatory power regarding the retirees’ re-employment needs. Lastly, the researcher provides suggestions and recommendations to middle-aged and older employees in manufacturing industry, government agencies, and future researchers. |
