宣勞宣力：定恭親王綿恩研究

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题名:	宣勞宣力：定恭親王綿恩研究 The Study of Prince TingKung
作者:	朱朗逸
贡献者:	史學系
关键词:	皇權親王宗室儲君永璜 Imperial power Prince Royal members Crown Prince Yonghuang
日期:	2024
上传时间:	2024-03-14 13:37:37 (UTC+8)
摘要:	定恭親王綿恩（1747-1822），清高宗乾隆帝皇次孫，乾隆帝皇長子永璜次子。綿恩自八歲能騎射，受乾隆帝喜愛，成年後任火器營總統凡五十餘年，後又任步軍統領，乾隆帝晚年時，曾被傳聞儲君人選之一，足見其具有相當聲譽。乾隆四十一年（1776），綿恩承襲定郡王爵位，乾隆五十八年（1793），晉封親王，同年，乾隆帝的皇八子永璇還是儀郡王，皇十七子永璘是貝勒，作為皇次孫的綿恩已晉親王，顯示其特殊性。嘉慶朝時，綿恩仍受到信任，多有表現。嘉慶四年（1799），綿恩奉命查抄和珅家產；嘉慶六年（1801），擔任御前大臣。嘉慶八年（1803），陳德行刺嘉慶帝未果，因護駕有功，獲賞御用補掛，其子奕紹加封貝子。道光二年（1822），綿恩薨逝，道光帝給予高度評價，肯定他多年的貢獻，奕紹獲特旨加恩，不需降襲，仍著襲親王。綿恩是乾隆朝至道光朝初年的重要宗室，受當時清帝治術所限，始終未能入值軍機，道光帝讚其宣勞宣力，為其生平做出了正面評價。清朝官方修史體例，綿恩未有單獨立傳，其事蹟尚未被學者研究。綿恩受高宗、仁宗、宣宗三帝重用與肯定，可惜未見相關研究，本研究旨在還原綿恩的生平、探究他在各領域的貢獻、剖析他的性格特質、辯證關於他的傳言，為綿恩作全面性研究，解讀這位受時人器重，卻被歷史遺忘的親王。 Mian'en（綿恩，1747-1822）, also known as Prince TingKung（定恭親王）by his posthumous prince title, was the second grandson of Emperor Qianlong（乾隆帝）, and the second son of Yonghuang（永璜）, Emperor Qianlong’s eldest son. Mian'en demonstrated exceptional skills in riding and archery from the age of eight, earning the favor of Emperor Qianlong. As an adult, he served as the president of the firearms battalion（火器營總統） for over fifty years, and later became the commander of the infantry（步軍統領）. In the later years of Emperor Qianlong's reign, rumors circulated that Mian'en was considered a potential heir, attesting to his excellent reputation. In 1776, Mian'en inherited the peerage title of Ting Prince of a Commandery（定郡王）, and was later promoted to Ting Prince of the Blood（定親王）in 1793. During the same year, Emperor Qianlong's eighth son, Yongxuan（永璇）, held the peerage title of Yi Prince of a Commandery（儀郡王）, while the seventeenth son, Yonglin（永璘）, was titled Beile（貝勒）, emphasizing Mian'en's exceptional status. During the Jiaqing era（嘉慶朝）, Mian'en continued to enjoy the trust of the emperor. In 1799, he was tasked with investigating and confiscating the assets of corrupt Grand Secretary（大學士）Heshen（和珅）. In 1801, he was appointed as an Imperial Chancellor（御前大臣）, and in 1803, he protected Emperor Jiaqing during an assassination attempt by Chen De（陳德）, earning the privilege of possessing an imperial garments. His son, Yishao（奕紹）, also promoted to the peerage title of Beizi（貝子）, from Defender Duke by Grace（奉恩鎮國公）. Mian'en passed away in 1822, Emperor Daoguang（道光帝）highly praised him and acknowledged his contributions over the years. Thus, Yishao received special grace and was allowed to retain the title of Prince of the Blood without the conventional demotion while inheriting a peerage. Mian'en was an important royal member from the Qianlong era to the early Daoguang era. Although unable to join the Grand council（軍機處）due to the limitations of his time, his efforts and contributions was commended by Emperor Daoguang, emphasizing that his lifelong dedication was worthy of recognition. Unfortunately, despite receiving endorsement from three emperors, there is a lack of research on him. This study aims to reconstruct Mian'en's life, explore his contributions in various fields, analyze his personality traits, and examine the rumors surrounding him. The goal is to conduct a comprehensive study on Mian'en, interpreting the life of this prince who was highly esteemed by his contemporaries, but forgotten by history.
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