| 摘要: | 近年來高層住宅如雨後春筍般湧現，這當中不妨有外形對稱的立面設計，但這樣的立面設計同時也會影響室內房型的對稱性，在室內所得到的日照量可能存在差異，而日照量過多或過少都會造成採光狀況不佳、增加能耗等問題。在過去對住宅建築採光及能耗的研究中，大多是以整棟建築或單一住宅單元作為研究對象進行研究，鮮少比較對稱立面設計對住宅室內採光及能耗的影響。因此，本研究旨在探討調整建築立面設計因素，對不同朝向及建築高度之對稱房型室內採光及能耗的影響。
以住宅建築為研究對象，選擇兩對稱且無隔間的套房房型進行研究，首先，分析各朝向兩對稱房型之間的差異，接著，調整不同建築立面設計因素，分別有窗牆比為20%、40%、90%，遮陽裝置為0.6m、1.6m以及建築高度為4層、9層、14層，利用Sketchup繪製3D模擬模型，並使用Sefaira進行採光及能耗的模擬，分析在這些設計因素條件下，各朝向對稱房型採光及能耗的差異變化，最後，進行綜合分析，比較在這些設計因素的相互影響下，各朝向對稱房型採光及能耗的差異，歸納出較適合各朝向對稱房型的建築立面設計方案。
研究結果發現，窗牆比、遮陽裝置以及建築高度對各朝向的採光及能耗影響程度不盡相同，因此各朝向房型以及兩對稱房型之間的差異也會產生變化，其中，窗牆比對採光及能耗影響程度較大，整體的差異較為顯著，建築高度對其影響程度則較小，整體的差異較不顯著。在各窗牆比、遮陽裝置以及建築高度相互作用的條件下，西向房型整體的採光及能耗差異皆最為顯著，且在各建築高度條件下，當各窗牆比搭配不同遮陽裝置時，西向房型的能耗差異皆較為顯著。此外，在各建築高度條件下，當窗牆比為90%搭配遮陽裝置為1.6m時，相較於原始案例窗牆比為40%搭配遮陽裝置為0.6m，西向及南向房型擁有較好的採光狀況，能耗也有所下降，而北向的採光狀況也較好，但能耗卻跟著增加，因此西向及南向房型較適合窗牆比為90%搭配遮陽裝置為1.6m的設計方案，北向房型則較適合窗牆比為40%搭配遮陽裝置為0.6m的設計方案。
In recent years, there have been many high-rise residential buildings. Some of these buildings have symmetrical façade design, but such façade designs can also affect the symmetry of the interior layouts. This may result in differences in the amount of daylight received indoors. Excessive or insufficient daylight can cause poor lighting conditions and increased energy consumption. In previous research on residential building daylighting and energy consumption, most studies have focused on the entire building or individual residential units as the objects of research. There has been limited research comparing the impact of symmetric façade designs on indoor daylighting and energy consumption in residential buildings. Therefore, this study aims to explore the impact of adjusting building façade design factors on the daylighting and energy consumption of symmetrical room types with different orientations.
The research method takes residential buildings as the research object, selects two symmetrical suites without partitions for research, and analyzes the differences between the two symmetrical room types in each orientation , and then adjust the design factors of different building façades, including window-to-wall ratios of 20%, 40%, and 90%, shading devices at width of 0.6m and 1.6m, and building heights of 4 floor, 9 floor, and 14 floor, uses Sketchup to build a 3D simulation model, uses Sefaira to simulate daylighting and energy consumption, and analyze the difference in daylighting and energy consumption of symmetrical room types in different orientations. Finally, a comprehensive analysis is conducted to compare the variations in daylighting and energy consumption of symmetrical room types facing different orientations under the influence of various design factors, and identify more suitable building façade design solutions for symmetrical room types in different orientations.
The research results found that the window-to-wall ratio, shading devices and building height have different impact on daylighting and energy consumption in each orientation, so the differences between room types in each orientation and two symmetrical room types will also change. Among them, the window-wall comparison daylighting and energy consumption have a greater impact, and the overall difference is more significant. Building height has a smaller impact, and the overall difference is less significant. Under the interaction conditions of various window-to-wall ratios, shading devices and building heights, the differences in overall daylighting and energy consumption of western room type are the most significant, and under various building height conditions, when each window-to-wall ratio with different shading devices, the difference in energy consumption of western room types is more significant. In addition, under the conditions of various building heights, when the window-to-wall ratio is 90% and the shading device is 1.6m, compared with the original case which the window-to-wall ratio is 40% and the shading device is 0.6m, the western and southern room type have better daylighting conditions, and the energy consumption has also decreased. The northern room type also have better daylighting conditions, but the energy consumption has increased. Therefore, the western and southern room types are more suitable for a façade design with the window-to-wall ratio is 90% and the shading device is 1.6m, while the northern room type is more suitable for the window-to-wall ratio is 40% with the shading device is 0.6m. |
