聚乳酸與聚丁二酸丁二醇酯聚摻合物之製備與性質研究

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Title:	聚乳酸與聚丁二酸丁二醇酯聚摻合物之製備與性質研究 Study on the preparation and properties of polylactic acid and polybutylene succinate blend
Authors:	郭柏佑
Contributors:	化學工程與材料工程學系
Keywords:	聚乳酸聚丁二酸丁二醇酯聚摻合物生物可降解 Polylactic acid Polybutylene succinate Polyblends Biodegradable
Date:	2023
Issue Date:	2024-03-01 15:55:08 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本論文研究旨在利用熔融混煉法製備聚乳酸(Polylactic acid,PLA)/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(Polybutylene succinate,PBS)聚摻合物並探討其性質。PLA和PBS是具有廣泛應用前景的生物可降解聚合物。PLA具有優異的生物相容性和可降解性能，被廣泛應用於食品包裝、醫療器械和紡織品等領域。PBS具有良好的柔軟性和可加工性，具備與傳統塑料相似的性質，因此在包裝材料和塑膠製品中也受到廣泛關注。為了結合PLA和PBS的優點，聚摻合物的製備成為一種重要的研究方向。本研究採用熔融混煉法製備PLA/PBS聚摻合物，此方法先將PLA兩種型號(3251D、4032D)以比例1:1混合後，再將PLA和PBS依照不同比例(100:0)、(90:10)、(80:20)、(70:30)並額外添加10%碳酸鈣改善流速不穩的問題來進行混合，在高溫下熔融混煉，接著冷卻固化後經切粒機切成顆粒狀取得聚摻合物顆粒。研究探討PBS不同含量對PLA/PBS聚摻合物的性質影響，其中包含形態學(FT-IR、SEM、XRD、Raman)、熱性質(TGA、DSC、HDT、VST、MI)、物理機械性質(密度、硬度、抗張、耐衝擊、抗折、DMA)。透過研究結果得知，形態學方面的XRD結果顯示，PLA/PBS聚摻合物呈現出較高的結晶度，並且晶體結構與純PLA和純PBS有所不同，表明聚摻合物中形成了新的結晶結構。SEM則觀察到聚摻合物表面粗糙，有明顯的相分離現象，顯示PLA和PBS不均勻混合，說明PLA/PBS聚摻合物相容性較低。此外，FT-IR和Raman結果顯示，PLA/PBS聚摻合物的FT-IR和Raman光譜圖譜與純PLA和PBS有所區別，並且表明摻合物中存在著PLA和PBS的特徵峰和振動模式；熱性質方面，由TGA實驗結果表明，PLA和PBS在聚摻合物中形成了不相容的結構，並且摻合物具有較高的熱穩定性。而HDT、VST實驗結果，隨著PBS含量的增加，熱變形溫度下降是因聚摻合物硬度降低導致。DSC結果表明，結晶度隨PBS含量增加而降低；物理機械性質方面，不論在硬度、抗張、抗折、耐衝擊測試都可以發現PLA/PBS聚摻合物隨著PBS含量增加，會由硬而脆的特性變得較為軟而韌。而密度則因為純PLA和純PBS的密度相差不大，在聚摻合物並沒有明顯的變化。 PLA和PBS之聚摻合物具有廣泛的應用潛力，可用於製備生物可降解塑膠產品、包裝材料、醫療器械和紡織品等領域。這項研究為開發新型可持續材料提供了重要的參考和基礎。 The purpose of this dissertation is to prepare polylactic acid (PLA)/ polybutylene succinate (PBS) blends by melt mixing method and discuss their properties. PLA and PBS are biodegradable polymers with broad application prospects. PLA has excellent biocompatibility and degradability, and is widely used in food packaging, medical devices and textiles and other fields. PBS has good flexibility and processability, and has properties similar to traditional plastics, so it has also received extensive attention in packaging materials and plastic products. In order to combine the advantages of PLA and PBS, the preparation of polyblends has become an important research direction. In this study, PLA/PBS polyblends were prepared by melt mixing method, which mixed PLA and PBS according to different ratios (100:0), (90:10), (80:20), (70:30), melted and kneaded at high temperature, then cooled and solidified, and then cut into pellets by a pelletizer to obtain polyblend particles. The study explored the effects of different contents of PBS on the properties of PLA/PBS polyblends, including morphology (FT-IR, SEM, XRD, Raman), thermal properties (TGA, DSC, HDT, VST, MI), physical and mechanical properties (density, hardness, tensile, impact, flexural, DMA). According to the research results, the XRD results of morphology showed that the PLA/PBS polyblend showed a high degree of crystallinity, and the crystal structure was different from that of pure PLA and pure PBS, indicating that polyblends formed new crystalline structure. SEM observed that the surface of the polyblend was rough and had obvious phase separation, showing that PLA and PBS were mixed unevenly, indicating that the compatibility of the PLA/PBS polyblend was low. In addition, FT-IR and Raman results showed that the FT-IR and Raman spectra of PLA/PBS polyblends were different from pure PLA and PBS, and indicated that the characteristic peaks and vibrations of PLA and PBS were present in the blends; In terms of thermal properties, the results of TGA experiments show that PLA and PBS form an incompatible structure in the poly blend, and the blend has high thermal stability. The results of HDT and VST experiments show that with the increase of PBS content, the heat distortion temperature decreases due to the decrease of the hardness of the poly blend. DSC results show that the crystallinity decreases with the increase of PBS content; in terms of physical and mechanical properties, it can be found that PLA/PBS poly blends will change from hardness to hardness with the increase of PBS content. The brittle character becomes softer and more ductile. As for the density, since the densities of pure PLA and pure PBS are not much different, there is no significant change in poly blends. Polyblends of PLA and PBS have a wide range of potential applications and can be used in the preparation of biodegradable plastic products, packaging materials, medical devices, and textiles. This study provides an important reference and basis for the development of new sustainable materials.
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