聚乳酸/聚羥基烷酸酯聚摻合物之製備與性質研究

文化大學機構典藏 CCUR > 理工學院 > 工學院 > 化學工程與材料工程學系暨碩士班 > 博碩士論文 > Item 987654321/53028

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題名:	聚乳酸/聚羥基烷酸酯聚摻合物之製備與性質研究 Study on the preparation and properties of polylactic acid and polyhydroxyalkanoate polyblend
作者:	戴志嘉
貢獻者:	化學工程與材料工程學系
關鍵詞:	聚乳酸聚羥基烷酸酯聚摻合物生物可分解 Polylactic acid Polyhydroxyalkanoate Polyblend Biodegradabale
日期:	2023
上傳時間:	2024-01-31 12:05:57 (UTC+8)
摘要:	本論文研究旨在利用熔融混練法製備PLA/PHA聚摻合物並探討其性質。聚乳酸（PLA）和聚羥基脂肪酸酯（PHA）是兩種廣泛應用於生物可分解塑膠領域的材料。將這兩種材料進行摻合可以結合它們各自的優點，同時調節材料的性質以滿足不同應用的需求。在本研究中，使用熔融混練法將PLA和PHA製備不同比例(100:0)、(90:10)、(80:20)、(70:30)之聚摻合物。混練過程中，我們控制溫度、轉速和混練時間等參數，以確保兩種材料的均勻混合。再將製備好的PLA/PHA聚摻合物進行多種性質測試，包括物理性質、機械性質、熱性質、動態機械性質和形態學。本研究使用SEM觀察了PLA/PHA聚摻合物的形態學，發現隨著PHA含量增加，聚摻合物的表面粗糙度增加，粗糙的表面可以更好地分散應力，並吸收能量，從而增加其韌性。經由XRD、FT-IR及Raman測試，發現聚摻合物隨著PHA含量的增加，其PHA的特徵峰會更加明顯，可以證明PHA的存在會影響PLA的晶體結構；透過阿基米德原理進行密度的测试，由於PHA具有更高的密度，因此結果顯示隨著PHA添加量的增加，PLA/PHA聚摻合物的密度逐漸增加；在機械性能方面，抗張和抗折測試觀察到隨著PHA添加量的增加，聚摻合物的強度呈現下降趨勢，說明聚摻合物的抗拉伸和抗彎曲能力減弱。衝擊強度測試中，隨著PHA含量增加，聚摻合物的強度逐漸上升，材料表現出較為軟而韌的特性，而非脆性材料。在熱性能方面，通過HDT、VST、TGA測試結果顯示，PHA的添加會使聚摻合物的耐熱性能降低。 DSC結果顯示，添加PHA會降低聚摻合物的結晶度，而熔融指數隨PHA添加量的增加而增加，這表明添加PHA對PLA/PHA聚摻合物的熱性能產生了一些負面影響；DMA測試觀察到隨著PHA添加量的增加，PLA/PHA聚摻合物的儲存模量降低，表明材料變得較柔軟，而PHA的添加對玻璃轉移特性的影響較小。再結晶可以明顯改善聚乳酸（PLA）的性能，包括機械性能、結晶度和熱性能。在再結晶後，PLA展現了以下改善效果：機械性能方面，PLA表現出更高的抗拉伸強度、抗彎曲強度、硬度和衝擊強度。這是由於再結晶過程重新排列了PLA分子，增加了分子間的結合力，從而提升了材料的整體強度；結晶度方面，通過使用差示掃描量熱分析（DSC）和X射線繞射（XRD）進行測量，我們可以得知再結晶有助於提高PLA的結晶度，使分子排列更有序；熱性能方面，再結晶後的PLA會表現出更好的熱性能。使用DSC測量PLA的熔點時可以觀察到，高結晶度的PLA通常具有較高的熔點和熱穩定性。此外，再結晶後的PLA可能具有較高的熱變形溫度（HDT）和維卡軟化溫度（VST），這使得它能夠在較高溫度下保持其形狀和性能不受影響。綜合上述結果，添加PHA對PLA/PHA聚摻合物的性能有多方面的影響。雖然添加PHA可以提高聚摻合物的韌性，但也降低了其耐熱性能和結晶度。但可通過再結晶程序針對這些問題進行改善，進而提高其整體性能。 The purpose of this research is to prepare PLA/PHA polyblends by the melt mixing method and to explore their properties to meet the needs of different applications. In this study, polyblends of PLA/PHA with different ratios (100:0), (90:10), (80:20), (70:30) were investigated by using the melt kneading method for various properties, including physical properties, mechanical properties, thermal properties, dynamic mechanical properties and morphology. In order to ensure uniform mixture of PLA/PHA, the parameters such as temperature, rotational speed and kneading time were under control. The SEM was used to exam the morphology of PLA/PHA polyblends. The surface roughness results showed the increasing of PHA content which could improve the strength and toughness of polyblends. The XRD, FT-IR and Raman tests showed that the characteristic peak of PHA became more obvious as the PHA content increased. This implied that the presence of PHA would affect the crystal structure of PLA. Our results also showed that the density of PLA/PHA polyblends gradually increased by increasing the PHA content. However, the tensile and flexural tests showed downward trends, indicating that the tensile and bending resistance of the polyblends became weakened. The impact strength test showed the strength of the polyblend gradually increased by increasing PHA content, and the material turned out to become soft and ductile. In terms of thermal performance, the test results of HDT, VST and TGA showed that with increasing PHA content reduced the heat resistance of the polyblend. DSC results showed that the crystallinity of polyblends decreased with increasing PHA content, while the melt index increased with increasing PHA content. These indicated that the higher PHA content had the negative effects on the thermal properties of PLA/PHA polyblends. DMA test results showed that the storage modulus of PLA/PHA polyblends decreased as the amount of PHA increased, and then the material became softer. Meanwhile, the PHA content increased had little effect on the glass transition properties. After recrystallization, polylactic acid (PLA), the tensile strength, flexural strength, hardness, and impact strength results showed all improved. This is due to the rearranges the PLA molecules by the recrystallization process which increasing the bonding force between molecules. By using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement, we noticed that recrystallization producing a more orderly arrangement which could improve the crystallinity of PLA. PLA showed better thermal performance after recrystallization. Also, the higher crystallinity PLA has higher melting point and thermal stability. Therefore, recrystallized PLA may have higher heat distortion temperature (HDT) and Vicat softening temperature (VST), which allows it to maintain the shape and properties at higher temperatures. In summary, the increasing of PHA content has multiple effects on the properties of PLA/PHA polymer blends. It enhances the toughness of the blends, but reduce the heat resistance and crystallinity. However, those issues can be controlled and improved through recrystallization processes.
顯示於類別:	[化學工程與材料工程學系暨碩士班] 博碩士論文

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