| 摘要: | 本研究旨在瞭解桃園市已婚夫妻之「工作壓力」與「婚姻品質」之現況，以及不同「個人背景因素」與不同「家庭背景因素」之已婚夫妻在「工作壓力」與「婚姻品質」上的差異情形，另探討已婚夫妻的「工作壓力」與「婚姻品質」之相關性。此外，更進一步瞭解「個人背景因素」與「家庭背景因素」對已婚夫妻之「工作壓力」與「婚姻品質」的預測力。
本研究係採「立意抽樣」與「分層比例」方式進行取樣，選取設籍於桃園市之已婚夫妻為研究對象。正式施測樣本為430份，扣除填答不完整與不適用等無效問卷67份，實得有效樣為363份，有效回收率為84.41%。所使用之研究工具包括：「個人背景資料表」、「家庭背景資料表」、「工作壓力量表」及「婚姻品質量表」。施測所得資料以 SPSS for Windows 26.0進行結果分析，分別採用：敘述統計、獨立樣本 t 檢定、皮爾森積差相關，以及多元迴歸分析等統計方法加以分析，本研究結果如下：
一、桃園市已婚夫妻「工作壓力」與「婚姻品質」之現況
（一）桃園市已婚夫妻之整體「工作壓力」傾向於中低程度，其中以「工作量負荷」之工作壓力為最高，而以「身心反應」之工作壓力為最低。
（二）桃園市已婚夫妻之整體「婚姻品質」傾向於中上程度，其中以「尊重接納」之婚姻品質為最高，其次為：「夫妻互動滿意」、「情感交流」、「家務分工共識」，而以「一致程度」之婚姻品質為最低。
二、桃園市已婚夫妻「個人背景因素」對「工作壓力」之關係
（一）桃園市已婚夫妻之「結婚年數」和整體「工作壓力」間呈現顯著低程度之負相關。意即受試者「結婚年數」愈多，其整體「工作壓力」就愈低。
三、桃園市已婚夫妻「家庭背景因素」對「工作壓力」之關係
（一）桃園市已婚夫妻之「外遇態度」和整體「工作壓力」間呈現顯著低程度之正相關。意即受試者「外遇態度」接受度愈高，其整體「工作壓力」就愈高。
（二）桃園市已婚夫妻之「家庭壓力」和整體「工作壓力」間呈現顯著低程度之正相關。意即受試者「家庭壓力」就愈高，其整體「工作壓力」就愈高。
（三）桃園市已婚夫妻之「職家衝突」和整體「工作壓力」間呈現顯著中程度之正相關。意即受試者「職家衝突」愈高，其整體「工作壓力」就愈高。
（四）桃園市已婚夫妻之「婚姻衝突」和整體「工作壓力」間呈現顯著低程度之正相關。意即受試者「婚姻衝突」愈高，其整體「工作壓力」感受愈高。
四、桃園市已婚夫妻「個人背景因素」對「婚姻品質」之關係
（一）桃園市已婚夫妻之「子女數」和整體「婚姻品質」間呈現顯著低度程度之負相關。意即受試者「子女數」愈多，其整體「婚姻品質」就愈低。
五、桃園市已婚夫妻「家庭背景因素」對「婚姻品質」之關係
（一）桃園市已婚夫妻之「外遇態度」和整體「婚姻品質」間呈現顯著低度程度之負相關。意即受試者之「外遇態度」接受度愈高，其整體「婚姻品質」就愈低。
（二）桃園市已婚夫妻之「離婚態度」和整體「婚姻品質」間呈現顯著低度程度之負相關。意即「離婚態度」接受度愈高，其整體「婚姻品質」就愈低。
（三）桃園市已婚夫妻之「家庭壓力」和整體「婚姻品質」間呈現顯著低度程度之負相關。意即「家庭壓力」愈高，其整體「婚姻品質」就愈低。
（四） 桃園市已婚夫妻之「職家衝突」和整體「婚姻品質」間呈現顯著中度程度之負相關。意即「職家衝突」愈高，其整體「婚姻品質」感受愈低。
（五）桃園市已婚夫妻之「婚姻衝突」和整體「婚姻品質」間呈現顯著中度程度之負相關。意即「婚姻衝突」愈高，其整體「婚姻品質」就愈低。
六、桃園市已婚夫妻之「工作壓力」與「婚姻品質」之相關性
（一）桃園市已婚夫妻之整體「工作壓力」與整體「婚姻品質」間呈現顯著「低度程度之負相關」。意即整體「工作壓力」愈高，其整體「婚姻品質」就愈低。
七、桃園市已婚夫妻之「個人背景因素」、「家庭背景因素」對「工作壓力」具有顯著的預測力。
桃園市已婚夫妻之「外遇態度」與「家庭壓力」、「職家衝突」等三個變項，能預測整體「工作壓力」19%的變異量。意即當受試者「外遇態度」接受度愈高者、「家庭壓力」愈大者、「職家衝突」愈大者，其「工作壓力」的就愈高。
八、桃園市已婚夫妻之「個人背景因素」、「家庭背景因素」對「婚姻品質」具有顯著的預測力。
桃園市已婚夫妻之「外遇態度」與「婚姻衝突」等二個變項，在整體「婚姻品質」上達顯著水準，能預測整體「婚姻品質」34%的變異量。意即當受試者「外遇態度」接受度愈高、「婚姻衝突」愈高，其「婚姻品質」的就愈低。
九、桃園市已婚夫妻「個人背景因素」、「家庭背景因素」與「工作壓力」對「婚姻品質」的預測情形
桃園市已婚夫妻之「外遇態度」與「婚姻衝突」等二個變項，在整體「婚姻品質」上達顯著水準，能預測整體「婚姻品質」34%的變異量。意即當受試者「外遇態度」接受度愈高、「婚姻衝突」愈高，其「婚姻品質」的就愈低。
根據上述研究結果，夫妻宜建立良好之互動關係、於家庭工作中取得平衡，彼此陪伴與關懷。此外，建議夫妻宜對家庭金錢運用與財務管理，持續積極協商與溝通。另建議家庭教育中心，宜積極開辦婚姻相關講座及課程。
This study aimed to understand the current situation of work stress and marital quality among married couples in Taoyuan City, as well as the differences in work stress and marital quality among married couples with different personal background factors and family background factors. Additionally, the study explored the correlation between work stress and marital quality among married couples. Moreover, it aimed to further understand the predictive power of personal background factors and family background factors over the work stress and marital quality of married couples.
This study adopted a purposive sampling method and a stratified proportional sampling method to select married couples registered in Taoyuan City as the research subjects. The formal survey sample consisted of 430 questionnaires, excluding 67 invalid questionnaires with incomplete or inapplicable responses, resulting in 363 valid samples with an effective response rate of 84.41%. The research instruments used in this study included the personal background information form, family background information form, work stress scale, and marital quality scale. The data obtained from the survey were analyzed using SPSS for Windows 26.0, employing descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study are as follows:
A. The current situation of work stress and marital quality among
married couples in Taoyuan City:
1. The overall level of work stress among married couples in Taoyuan City
tends to be moderate to low. The highest source of work stress is
workload, while the lowest source is physical and mental responses.
2. The overall level of marital quality among married couples in Taoyuan City tends to be above average. The highest aspect of marital quality is respect and acceptance, followed by satisfaction with spousal interaction, affective communication, and consensus on household chores. The lowest aspect of marital quality is agreement level.
B.The relationship between personal background factors and work
stress among married couples in Taoyuan City:
1.The duration of marriage shows a significant weak negative correlation
with overall work stress. This means that the longer the duration of marriage, the lower the overall level of work stress experienced by the
participants.
C.The relationship between family background factors and work stress
among married couples in Taoyuan City:
1.The attitudes towards infidelity show a significant weak positive
correlation with overall work stress. This means that the higher the acceptance of the attitudes towards infidelity, the higher the overall level of work stress.
2. The family stress shows a significant weak positive correlation with
overall work stress. This means that the higher the family stress, the higher the overall level of work stress.
3. The work-family conflict shows a significant moderate positive
correlation with overall work stress. This means that the higher the work-family conflict, the higher the overall level of work stress.
4. The marital conflict shows a significant weak positive correlation with
overall work stress. This means that the higher the marital conflict, the higher the overall level of work stress.
D.The relationship between personal background factors and marital quality among married couples in Taoyuan City:
1.The number of children shows a significant weak negative correlation with overall marital quality. This means that the larger the number of children, the lower the overall level of marital quality.
E.The relationship between family background factors and marital quality among married couples in Taoyuan City:
1.The attitudes towards infidelity show a significant weak negative
correlation with overall marital quality. This means that the higher the acceptance of the attitudes towards infidelity, the lower the overall level of marital quality.
2. The attitudes towards divorce show a significant weak negative
correlation with overall marital quality. This means that the higher the marital quality.
3. The family stress shows a significant weak negative correlation with overall marital quality. This means that the higher the family stress, the lower the overall level of marital quality.
4.The work-family conflict shows a significant moderate negative correlation with overall marital quality. This means that the higher the work-family conflict, the lower the overall level of marital quality.
5.The marital conflict shows a significant moderate negative correlation with overall marital quality. This means that the higher the marital conflict, the lower the overall level of marital quality.
F.The relationship between work stress and marital quality among
married couples in Taoyuan City:
1.The work stress shows a significant weak negative correlation with overall marital quality. This means that the higher the work stress, the lower the overall level of marital quality.
G.Personal background factors and family background factors have a
significant predictive power over work stress among married couples in Taoyuan City.
Three variables, namely attitudes towards infidelity, family stress, and work-family conflict, can predict 19% of the variance in overall work stress. This means that higher acceptance of attitudes towards infidelity, higher levels of family stress, and higher levels of work-family conflict are associated with higher levels of work stress.
H. Personal background factors and family background factors have a significant predictive power over marital quality among married couples in Taoyuan City.
Two variables, namely attitudes towards infidelity and marital conflict, significantly contribute to the overall marital quality and can predict 34% of the variance in overall marital quality. This means that higher acceptance of attitudes towards infidelity and higher levels of marital conflict are associated with lower levels of marital quality.
I..The prediction of marital quality by personal background factors,
family background factors, and work stress among married couples
in Taoyuan City:
Two variables, namely attitudes towards infidelity and marital conflict, significantly contribute to the overall marital quality and can predict 34% of the variance in overall marital quality. This means that higher acceptance of attitudes towards infidelity and higher levels of marital conflict are associated with lower levels of marital quality.
Based on the aforementioned research results, it is recommended that couples establish a good interactive relationship, achieve a balance between work and family, and provide each other with companionship and care. Additionally, it is suggested that couples actively negotiate and communicate regarding expenditure and financial management in the family. Family education centers are also recommended to organize marriage-related seminars and courses. |
