| 摘要: | 本研究旨在瞭解臺北市離婚婦女「挫折復原力」與「幸福感」之現況，並瞭解不同「個人背景因素」之臺北市離婚婦女在「挫折復原力」及「幸福感」上的差異情形，另探討臺北市離婚婦女的「挫折復原力」與「幸福感」之相關性。更進一步瞭解臺北市離婚婦女「個人背景因素」、「挫折復原力」對「幸福感」的預測力。
本研究係採「立意取樣」進行，選取居住於臺北市離婚婦女為調查對象，正式施測樣本440份，實得有效樣本為426份，有效回收率98.15%。所使用之研究工具包括：「個人基本資料調查表」、「挫折復原力量表」與「幸福感量表」，所得資料以統計套裝軟體 SPSS for Windows 26.0進行次數分配與百分比、平均數與標準差、單一樣本 t 檢定、獨立樣本 t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後比較、皮爾森積差相關與多元迴歸分析等。主要研究結果如下：
一、臺北市離婚婦女「挫折復原力」與「幸福感」之現況
1.臺北市離婚婦女的「挫折復原力」傾向於中上程度，以「有意義的生活」構面為最高，以「有平靜的心靈」構面最低。
2.臺北市離婚婦女「幸福感」傾向於中上程度，以「樂觀」構面為最高，以「個人成就」構面最低。
二、「個人背景因素」與「挫折復原力」之綜合分析
臺北市離婚婦女的「挫折復原力」會因：「情感狀態」、「居住狀況」、「工作狀況」的不同而有顯著差異；其中「有固定交往對象」、「與子女同住」、「有兼職」或「專職工作」之受試者對「挫折復原力」較具有顯著差異。
另一方面，受試者的「自覺健康」及「經濟狀況滿意度」與「挫折復原力」皆呈現顯著中度正相關。
三、「個人背景因素」與「幸福感」之綜合分析
臺北市離婚婦女的「幸福感」會因「情感狀態」、「居住狀況」、「工作狀況」的不同而有顯著差異，其中有「固定交往對象」、「與固定伴侶同住」、「有兼職」或「專職」工作之受試者對「幸福感」較具有顯著差異。
另一方面，受試者的「自覺健康」及「經濟狀況滿意度」與「幸福感」皆呈現顯著中度正相關。
四、臺北市離婚婦女的「挫折復原力」與「幸福感」之間相關情形
受試者之「挫折復原力」與「幸福感」之間存在顯著高度正相關，意即臺北市離婚婦女之「挫折復原力」愈好，其「幸福感」也就愈高。
五、臺北市離婚婦女「個人背景因素」對「挫折復原力」的預測力情形
臺北市離婚婦女「個人背景因素」中：「情感狀態」有交往對象、「自覺健康」愈好、具有「工作狀況」、「經濟狀況滿意度」較佳與「宗教信仰－天主教基督教」，對於「挫折復原力」達 40% 的預測力，意即受試者有親密關係、健康良好、穩定工作、經濟力佳及有宗教信仰的支持者，對於「挫折復原力」愈高。
六、臺北市離婚婦女「個人背景因素」對「幸福感」的預測力情形
臺北市離婚婦女「個人背景因素」中：「情感狀態」有交往對象、「自覺健康」愈好、「經濟狀況滿意度」較佳與「宗教信仰－天主教基督教」者，對於「幸福感」達 33% 的預測力，意即受試者有親密關係、健康良好、經濟力佳及有宗教信仰的支持者，對於「幸福感」愈高。
七、臺北市離婚婦女的「個人背景因素」與「挫折復原力」對「幸福感」之預測力情形
受試者之「個人背景因素」與「挫折復原力」對「幸福感」達77%的預測力。意即臺北市離婚婦女之「個人背景因素」與「挫折復原力」愈是良好，其幸福感也就愈高。
根據本研究發現與結論，建議臺北市離婚婦女將照顧自己與做好
財務規劃為首要，再者可參與社交活動、擴大生活圈與發展新的經濟機會，保持健康的心態，尋找與自己信仰理念相符合的宗教，並在其中找尋希望和力量，渡過生命中的困境與挑戰。
對家庭與婚姻教育相關單位的建議是，提供臺北市離婚婦女自我認識、溝通技巧、改善親密關係等課程，並建立長期、有系統的主題內容，給予離婚婦女持續性的關懷與支持，並吸引民眾的目光，誘發參與動機，以此獲得成效。
此外，對相關主管機關的建議是，提供臺北市離婚婦女社區支持和輔導服務，幫助離婚婦女調整和適應新的生活型態，得以面對新的人際關係和社交圈。
The purpose of the study was understand the current situation, differences, correlation and predictability between “resilience” and “well-being” of divorced women in Taipei city. It also was understand the differences and predictability in “resilience” and “well-being” with different “individual background factor” of divorced women in Taipei city.
In this study, it was used a questionnaire survey research, a total of 426 divorced women in Taipei city were be surveyed using " Personal Background Information", “Resilience Scale”, and "Well-being Scale". The data was analyzed frequency distribution and percentage analysis, mean and standard deviation analysis, one sample t-test, independent sample t test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé method, Pearson product difference correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The major findings were as follows:
A. The current situation of “resilience” and “well-being” of divorced women in Taipei city
1. The “resilience” of divorced women in Taipei City tends to be at the upper-middle level, the “meaningful life" was the best, and the “peace of mind” was the worst.
2. The “well-being” of divorced women in Taipei City tends to be at the upper-middle level, the "optimism" was the best, and the "personal achievement" was the worst.
B. The comprehensive analysis of “The predictability” and “resilience”
The ”resilience” of divorced women in Taipei city was significant difference due to "emotional status", "living status" and "working status". Those who had regular contacts, lived with children, and had part-time or full-time jobs had significant differences in " resilience". On the other hand, The ”resilience” of divorced women in Taipei city was significant moderate positively correlation with "perceived health" and "satisfaction with economic conditions".
C. The comprehensive analysis of “The predictability” and “well-being”
The ” well-being” of divorced women in Taipei city was be significant difference due to "emotional status", "living status" and "working status". Those who had regular contacts, lived with regular companion, and had part-time or full-time jobs had significant differences in "well-being". On the other hand, The ”well-being” of divorced women in Taipei city was significant moderate positively correlation with "perceived health" and "satisfaction with economic conditions".
D. The correlation between “resilience” and “well-being” of divorced women in Taipei city
It was a significant and highly positive correlation between the subjects’ ”resilience” and “well-being”. This meant the better “resilience” is, the better “well-being” will be.
E. The predictability of “individual background factor” on “resilience” of divorced women in Taipei city
Among the "personal background factors" of divorced women in Taipei City: "emotional state has a partner”, "perceived health is better”, "work status is better”, "economic status satisfaction is better”, and "religious belief-Buddhism” that was 40% predictive for resilience. It was to say, the subjects who had close relationships, good health, stable jobs, good financial resources, and supporters of religious beliefs had higher "resilience".
F. The predictability of “individual background factor” on “well-being” of divorced women in Taipei city
Among the "personal background factors" of divorced women in Taipei City: "emotional state has a partner”, "perceived health is better”,, "economic status satisfaction is better”, and "religious belief-Buddhism” that was 33% predictive for well-being. It was to say, the subjects who had close relationships, good health, good financial resources, and supporters of religious beliefs had higher " well-being".
G. The predictability of subjects’ “individual background factor” and “resilience” on the “well-being”
Subjects’ "resilience" that was 77% predictive for “well-being”.It was to say, the better “resilience” is, the better “well-being” will be.
According of this study, it is recommended that subjects should take care of themselves and having financial planning, and they can join the social activities, expand life circle and have an open mind. The subjects will find hope and strength in your own religion and get through the difficulties and challenges in life together.
The suggestion to the units related to family and marriage education is to provide courses such as self-awareness, communication skills, and improvement of intimate relationships for divorced women in Taipei City. They can plan long-term and systematic theme content, give divorced women continuous care and support, attract the attention of the public, and induce participation motivation, so as to achieve results.
In addition, it is recommended that the competent authorities to provide community support and counseling services for divorced women in Taipei city. It’ll be helpful that the subjects adjust and adapt to the new life style. The divorced woman in Taipei city will face new relationships and have social circles. |
