| 摘要: | 隨著現代都市的迅速發展，大量建築物集中在城市中，持續蓄熱，從而導致都市熱環境發生劇變，建築物密集的城市與氣象因素之間的相互作用加劇了熱環境的劇烈程度，進一步加強了熱島效應，對人們的熱環境舒適感造成影響，不同的都市街道格局對城市地區的風和熱環境有著重大的影響，都市化帶來了巨大的環境負擔，為了應對這一問題，綠色基礎設施作為以自然生態為基礎的補救措施展現出比傳統基礎設施更具可持續性的效益，綠色基礎設施可以為當地帶來廣泛的利益。
研究結果指出，氣象因素對都市熱環境的舒適度確實產生影響，特別是在亞熱帶濕潤氣候下，濕度和風速等因素對熱環境的舒適度影響更加明顯，都市的風環境和熱環境受到街道走向、寬度、高寬比等多種因素的影響，街道的風雨熱環境對城市環境同時具有積極和消極的影響，風可以幫助分散污染物，減少都市熱島效應，熱環境對城市環境也同樣存在正面和負面的影響。
本研究比較不同型態的街廓形式對都市街道風和熱環境之間的差異，並進一步利用ENVI-met模擬計算出風場、熱流等數據，以研究都市型態、氣象因素和熱環境之間的關聯和影響性，並置入都市設計手法與綠色基礎設施達成熱環境抑制之效益，其中包含建築物退縮、透水鋪面、垂直綠化及屋頂綠化，探討綠色基礎設施對環境之影響。
根據模擬結果觀察，棋盤式街廓道路排列整齊有規律，形成了相對流暢的風廊，有利於空氣的流通和街廓的降溫效果，置入綠色基礎設施對通風效果影響較小，而垂直綠化對降溫效果最佳；有機狀街廓呈現複雜且無規律的路網，風場形成較差的通風效果，並導致熱量在街廓內積聚，降溫效果較差，建築物退縮對有機狀街廓的通風效果有顯著影響，在降溫方面，垂直綠化效果最佳，綜合考慮全部綠色基礎設施，兩種街廓顯著降溫，棋盤式街廓相對優於有機狀街廓，垂直綠化對於熱流降溫效果最顯著。
With the rapid development of modern cities, a large number of buildings are concentrated in the city and continue to store heat, which leads to drastic changes in the urban thermal environment. The interaction between the densely built city and meteorological factors intensifies the intensity of the thermal environment and further strengthens the The heat island effect affects people's thermal environment comfort. Different urban street patterns have a significant impact on the wind and thermal environment in urban areas. Urbanization has brought a huge environmental burden. In order to deal with this problem, Green Foundation Facilities as a natural ecology-based remedy exhibit more sustainable benefits than traditional infrastructure, and green infrastructure can bring wide-ranging benefits to the local area.
The results of the study point out that meteorological factors do have an impact on the comfort of the urban thermal environment, especially in subtropical humid climates, factors such as humidity and wind speed have a more obvious impact on the comfort of the thermal environment, and the urban wind environment and thermal environment are affected by the direction of the street. Influenced by various factors such as width, aspect ratio, etc., the wind, rain, and thermal environment of the street have positive and negative impacts on the urban environment at the same time. The wind can help disperse pollutants and reduce the urban heat island effect. The thermal environment also has positive and negative impacts on the urban environment. negative influence.
This study compares the differences between different types of street forms on urban street wind and thermal environment, and further uses ENVI-met to simulate and calculate data such as wind field and heat flow to study the relationship between urban form, meteorological factors and thermal environment. The relationship and influence among them, and put into the urban design method and green infrastructure to achieve the benefits of thermal environment suppression, including building shrinkage, permeable pavement, vertical greening and roof greening, to explore the impact of green infrastructure on the environment.
According to the simulation results, the checkerboard-style streets are arranged neatly and regularly, forming a relatively smooth wind corridor, which is conducive to the circulation of air and the cooling effect of the street. The placement of green infrastructure has little effect on the ventilation effect, while the vertical greening The cooling effect is the best; the organic street profile presents a complex and irregular road network, and the wind field forms a poor ventilation effect, which causes heat to accumulate in the street profile, and the cooling effect is poor, and the buildings shrink to the ventilation of the organic street profile The effect has a significant impact. In terms of cooling, the vertical greening effect is the best. Considering all the green infrastructure, the two street profiles can significantly reduce the temperature. The checkerboard street profile is relatively better than the organic street profile, and the vertical greening has the most significant cooling effect on heat flow. |
