| 摘要: | 本研究探討成為民航機師之歷程，目的在了解其階段歷程發展以及歷程中壓力阻礙與因應調適策略之關係。以質性研究中敘說研究為分析方法，參與者採便利取樣，聚焦四位正於航空公司服務的民航機師，進行半結構式的深度訪談。藉由其訪談內容撰寫出受訪者的生命故事，且進一步深入分析與詮釋，並整理出共同歷程與共同壓力與因應，最後佐以Lent (1994) 社會認知生涯理論以及壓力因應策略，進而提出民航機師從甄選到上線的生涯敘事探究之結論。
研究結果將使用社會認知生涯理論來檢視受訪者成為機師的歷程，能發現Lent (1994) 提出的興趣模式、生涯選擇模式與表現模式三種會因應不同階段或事件而進行不同路徑且循環，並且學習經驗、自我效能與結果預期會持續不斷的交互影響。壓力因應則是歷程中的變項，以表現模式為例，某次事件行徑到表現與成就時出現了挫折或失敗，進而影響學習經驗，讓自我效能下降、結果預期轉為負向而產生壓力，可能產生放棄的念頭。而此時將轉換成生涯選擇模式，再次反思與確立目標，當個體選擇維持目標後，則能在選擇行動時執行壓力因應策略，讓成效去影響學習經驗，且環境支持也在過程中持續發會作用，像是同儕或老師的鼓勵等，使得不斷被增添的學習經驗再次改變自我效能與結果預期，並進入新的路徑循環。
綜上所述，本研究將四位民航機師的生涯歷程透過敘事的視框，並與社會認知生涯理論以及壓力因應相互對話，探究其中的價值。
This study examines the process of becoming a commercial airline pilot, aiming to understand the developmental stages and the relationship between stressors and coping strategies throughout the journey. Employing qualitative research with a narrative inquiry approach, the study utilizes convenience sampling to focus on four commercial airline pilots currently serving in aviation companies. Semi-structured in-depth interviews are conducted to gather participants' life stories, which are further analyzed and interpreted to identify common trajectories, shared stressors, and coping mechanisms. Lent (1994) social cognitive career theory and stress coping strategies are employed to provide a conclusive narrative inquiry of the career journey from pilot selection to being on duty.
The research findings employ the social cognitive career theory to examine participants' journey to becoming pilots and reveal that the three models proposed by Lent (1994) interest, choice, and performance – follow different paths and cycles in response to various stages or events. Moreover, learning experiences, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations continuously interact and influence each other. Stress coping is identified as a variable throughout the process. For instance, in the performance model, encountering setbacks or failures during an event that leads to performance and achievement may result in decreased self-efficacy, negative outcome expectations, and stress, potentially leading to thoughts of giving up. At this point, individuals transition to the choice model, reflect and establish goals again. When individuals choose to maintain their goals, they can execute stress coping strategies during decision-making, allowing the effects to influence learning experiences. Environmental support, such as encouragement from peers or teachers, continues to play a role throughout the process, constantly modifying self-efficacy and outcome expectations through accumulating learning experiences, leading to new cycles of paths.
In summary, this study explores the career trajectories of four commercial airline pilots through a narrative framework, engaging in dialogue with the social cognitive career theory and stress coping strategies to unravel their values. |
