| 摘要: | 臺灣自2010年底引進里山倡議概念和作法，受到各界重視，公部門之中特別以林務局為首，在政策研究和實務推動計畫上給予支持。而花蓮縣富里鄉羅山村有機耕作的概念與里山倡議不謀而合，最終即是透過富里鄉農會與林務局接洽，2018年正式加入里山倡議國際伙伴關係網絡。
羅山村在有機農業尚未盛行的時期就成為台灣第一個有機示範村而名聞遐邇，但在榮景過後隨著有機耕作在各地逐漸興起，羅山村也逐漸失去優勢，有機農村的光環已不再專屬於羅山。從過往國內研究社區營造的文獻中，發現多半對羅山村社區營造的研究都是介於有機發展村創立時期，去探討有機特色為其帶來風光的階段，較少以目前社造二十年後加入里山倡議概念再出發進行社區營造的角度對其去深入了解。羅山村如何重新帶動當地發展，成為本研究主要欲探討的核心。
本研究將透過深度訪談法，訪問羅山村在社區營造方面的核心人物及居民，輔以參與觀察法，探討農村社區透過里山倡議的方法尋求營造得以永續發展的關鍵因素。研究者希望比較他們在從事社區營造的過程中，不同時期對於羅山村做了哪些決策及所面臨的困難點為何；此外也訪談居民，了解居民對社區營造的理解認同程度的看法。盼藉此相互比對並整理出對羅山社區目前營造策略上能提供的建議，並為往後農村社區營造在研究上供作參考。
研究結果中，從受訪者中萃取出的資料分析出得到三個結論：一、羅山社區營造的策略著重於將資源盤點並整合、社區內部組織分層工作、產業六級化三者；二、羅山社區目前所面臨之困境包括居民參與度低、青壯年人數比例低，創新產業思維不易在社區推行、典型農村缺乏勞動力，與不易創造工作機會等難題；三、社區多與校園合作參訪行程，讓青年學子參訪社區，帶動社區活力、羅山學堂培養在地孩童永續經營，為後續社區永續經營埋下種子、由產業六級化為社區帶來外來者的力量，為社區提供不同領域之專業及構思，可作為改善以上難題的解套策略。
及針對研究結果，本研究提出下列幾項建議：一、分層工作之餘，組織間共好的觀念為羅山社區目前營造時所建造出的重要地基，應當以此理念為重保持經營；二、在社區安排活動時，若能讓參與者獲得成就感，抑或能使其在社區中獲得重要角色的扮演的心理，塑造出個人在生活上榮譽感，提供居民參與度低的農村社區以此方式做為解套方案之參考；三、羅山村目前發展的困境而言，倘若未來跟宜花東地區，甚至屏東地區之大專院校中與農業或鄉村發展領域有關的系所安排合作，使青年學子在參訪羅山村的農業強項中，也能給予羅山村一股新生的活力，帶動當地居民與學生們一同替社區做出一些改造的動力，此一連動效應必能發揮出不小的效益；羅山村透過具有特色的羅山小學堂做當地孩童的課後陪伴，除幫社區之家庭分擔孩童陪伴的功能，亦能幫助孩童對於生態永續的認知建立，若善加利用該地的特色，便能在未來得到意想不到之反饋。
With the introduction of the Satoyama Initiative in Taiwan in 2010, which has received significant support from the Forestry Bureau in the domains of policy research and practical work, as well as drawn public attention since after. It was soon proved that the concept of organic farming in Luoshan Village of Fuli Township in Hualien County coincides with the Satoyama Initiative, and resulted in the collaboration of the Fuli Township Agricultural Association and the Forestry Bureau, which officially joined the Satoyama Initiative international partnership network in 2018.
However, after the glory of organic farming, the village gradually lost its advantage and the aura of organic farming is no longer exclusive to Luo Shan. From the past literature on community building in Taiwan, we found that most of the studies on community building in Luoshan Village centered during the period when the organic development village was initially founded but less from the perspective of the current community building with the concept of Satoyama Initiative in the past two decades. For this reason, how to revive the development history of Luoshan Village and find out its future potentials is the core of this research.
This research will examine the key factors in the rural community's quest for sustainable development through the Satoyama Initiative approach by means of participant observation and in-depth interviews with key members in the community building process in the village. By comparing and analyzing the data of villagers’ decision-making processes and the difficulties they have faced during different community building stages, the researcher hopes to provide a comprehensive strategy for the current community building in Luoshan as well as a reference and direction for future researchers on rural community building.
The data in the research were analyzed with three conclusions drawn as follow: First, the strategy of community building in Luoshan focuses on inventorying and integrating resources, organizing the work at different levels within the community, and industrialization at three levels. Second, the difficulties currently faced by Luoshan community include the low overall residential participation with low proportion of the young and young adults, the incapacity to implement innovative industrial ideas, the lack of labor force in typical rural villages, and the insufficient job opportunities. Third, the community vitality can be strengthened by building a strong bond with its stakeholders such as tertiary education institutes by inviting the students to organize regular visits to the community to lead various activities in the community. The Luoshan School bears the responsibility to cultivate local children's sustainable management ability. The introduction of the approach of the six-level industrialization can bring in the community the power of innovation and creation with expertise in different fields.
Based on the research result, this research proposes the following recommendations: First, the concept of working in a hierarchical manner and working together among organizations is an important foundation for the creation of the Luoshan community, which should be served as a guideline when running the community business. Second, when arranging activities in the community, if the participants can achieve a sense of accomplishment or be appointed a position in the community, it will help create a sense of honor and a sense of belonging for both the individuals and the community. Third, concerning the current development dilemma faced by Luoshan Village, it is sensible for the authority concerned to create opportunities of the cooperation with the agricultural or rural development departments of the universities in the Eastern Taiwan region, or even Pingtung region. With the increasing number of the visits to Luoshan Village, the agricultural strengths of Luoshan Village can further be highlighted, which will in return energize and motivate the local people and students to work on transforming the community. Through the unique Luoshan Primary School, Luoshan Village can provide after school care for local children. In addition to helping families in the community share the child-care burden, such service can also help build children's awareness of ecological sustainability. By incorporating the features of the community and collaborating closely with the stakeholders, the community can achieve the ultimate goals can be achieved. |
