| 摘要: | 本論文係以我國政府所實施之兩岸人民入出境管理手段作為研究核心，並從臺灣人民赴陸及大陸人民來臺等兩個面向，充分探討我國政府的大陸政策、法令規範及現況問題。兩岸人民之往來狀況可直接反映出兩岸關係的發展情形，因此透過政府對於兩岸人流管理手段及措施之演進及轉變，可瞭解兩岸關係從過去到現在的發展脈絡，甚至於是未來的走向。然因我國之大陸政策並沒有定向的發展路徑，而是在不同的執政黨及不同的國家領導人帶領下，隨著國際局勢的變化，不斷改變政策目標及方向，並由意識形態牽引著兩岸政府與民間交往的冷熱程度，對我國民生經濟與產業發展都產生相對應之影響。
我國政府一向自許臺灣是相當重視人權之民主法治國家，在法治國原則下，政府所有的行政作為都必須於法有據，並充分達到人權的保障。但是兩岸事務具高度政治性，且受到意識形態影響相當深，因此本論文以人權與法治作為研究核心，研究政府對於兩岸人民入出境管理之政策與措施，是否合乎法治國原則及落實人權保障之精神；或政府對於兩岸事務係以政治凌駕法治之意識形態作為決策模式。另外，本論文也從COVID-19疫情期間之境管措施等相關時事議題，探討兩岸人民入出境管理手段之合憲性，從憲法的層次及參考司法院大法官相關的解釋，來論述政府行政與人權、法治之間的衡平性及比例原則。
本論文採質化研究，以深度訪談作為核心研究方法，採半結構式訪談的模式，對具代表性之產、官、學領域等十位專家學者進行訪談，並於本論文第五章針對訪談內容作質化分析，結合本論文之研究論點，從臺灣人民赴陸及大陸人民來臺等二面向，各提出五點研究發現，其中較重要之研究發現包含臺灣人民赴陸之法令規範仍不夠完備且缺乏明確性及衡平性，人民對於以國家忠誠為由所制定之法律，尚採觀望之態度；另外，大陸人民來臺之法令則過於繁雜，不易理解及執行，在管理機制上缺乏彈性，又兩岸關係受意識形態影響太重，無法正常發展，也造成兩岸經濟市場的不穩定，危及人民生計。最後，本論文亦就研究發現之問題，提出十點具體之研究建議，其中包含兩岸事務應回歸到以法治為核心之管理模式，且兩岸事務相關法令均已陳舊，應大幅度修正，並強調明確性及透明化，也要重視大陸人民在臺之各項權益，避免政治意識形態過重，讓兩岸能回歸正常化交流，同時改善我國民生經濟問題。
This paper focuses on the government’s measures to regulate cross-strait people's entry and exit. It examines the Taiwan government’s China policies, laws and regulations, and the current situation from two perspectives: Taiwanese people’s travel to Mainland China and Chinese people’s travel to Taiwan. The development of cross-strait relations is directly reflected by the cross-strait people’s movement. Therefore, through the evolution and changes in the government’s measures and methods of managing cross-strait people’s movement, we can understand the development of cross-strait relations from the past, the present, and future. However, there is no definite development path for Taiwan’s China policy. Instead, under the leadership of different ruling parties and different national leaders, the policy objectives and directions are constantly changing as the international situation changes. In addition, the ideology determines the intensity of cross-strait relations between the government and the people, which has a corresponding impact on Taiwan’s economic and industrial development.
Taiwan is a democratic country that takes human rights seriously. Under the principle of the Rechtsstaat (rule of law), all government administrative actions must be justified by the law to protect human rights. However, as cross-strait affairs are highly political and deeply influenced by the ideology, this paper focuses on human rights and the rule of law to examine whether the government’s policies and measures to manage the cross-strait people’ entry and exit are in line with the rule of law principles as well as implementing the spirit of human rights protection; or whether the government’s policy-making approach to cross-strait affairs is based on the ideology putting politics before the justice. In addition, this paper also examines the constitutionality of the means to manage the cross-strait people’s entry and exit based on the current issues, such as the border control measures adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also addresses the equity and proportionality between the government administration, human rights and the rule of law the perspective of the constitution and with reference to the relevant interpretations of the Justices of Constitutional Court, Judicial Yuan.
This paper adopts a qualitative approach, using in-depth interviews as the core research method; a semi-structured interview was conducted with ten experts and scholars from industry, government, and academia. The interviews were analyzed qualitatively in Chapter 5 of this paper to combine the arguments of this paper with five findings from the two perspectives of Taiwanese people visiting China and Chinese people coming to Taiwan. One of the significant findings in this study is that the laws and regulations governing the people of Taiwan visiting China are still incomplete and are lacking in certainty and fairness; while the people are still taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the laws enacted on the grounds of national loyalty. In addition, the laws and regulations governing the Chinese people’s entry into Taiwan are too complicated to be easily understood and implemented, and lack flexibility in terms of management mechanisms. Furthermore, the cross-strait relationship is too heavily influenced by ideology, which also causes instability in the cross-strait economic market and endangers people’s livelihoods. Finally, this paper also proposes ten concrete suggestions on the problems found in this research, including that cross-strait affairs should return to the rule of law as the core management mode, and that the relevant laws and regulations on cross-strait affairs are outdated and should be substantially amended, with emphasis on certainty and transparency, and that the rights and interests of Chinese people in Taiwan should be taken seriously, to avoid excessive political ideology. We should allow cross-strait exchanges to go back to normal, and at the same time, improve the livelihood and economic problems for the people in Taiwan. |
