| 摘要: | 所有環境污染當中，全球以空氣污染之議題最為嚴重，該行為所產生之物質，可以使大環境受到嚴重的破壞，更對於人類個人的生命、身體、健康、財產法益，甚至是擴張至社會群體的生存，以及社會整體運作的基礎，均造成嚴重的威脅及損害，故有學者認為該行為具備「全社會的危險性」，建立在環境風險評估之理念上，於特定行為已表現出法益侵害而有風險可能時，國家便可採取相對應的刑罰手段予以防堵，避免實害發生或侵害擴大，而這樣的刑罰手段即環境刑法之制裁。
環境刑法，係指針對危害環境之行為而科予刑事處罰之刑罰法規的總稱，而泛指所有關於環境犯不法構成要件之集合概念。又環境刑法中，有關於空氣污染之刑事抗制手段，有包括刑法第190-1條及空氣污染防制法第51 條以下之刑事處罰規定。
作為空氣污染物質減量管制政策工具之刑事制裁，法律層面上有若干帶釐清之議題，其規範完善與否，更將影響國家整體減量排放成效甚鉅，而值得詳加討論。本文擬以此作為中心，比較臺灣刑事實體法以及行政法對於空氣污染排放行為之刑事制裁，以清楚界定相關法律爭議，以求完善制度的規畫，希望得以有效減緩排放空氣污染物質之作為。
Among all kinds of environmental pollutions, air pollution has beenthe most serious issue in the globe. Air pollution produces substances, which causes serious damage to the environment. It also poses serious threats and damages to the life, body, health, legal interests of human beings, the survival of social groups, as well as the foundation of the overall operation of society. Therefore, some scholars regard the behavior is "dangerous to the whole society", which is based on the concept of environmental risk assessment. When some specific acts have obviously violated the legal interest and caused risks to happen, the state can take corresponding penalty measures to prevent the violation from expanding. Such penalty means refer to the sanctions of environmental criminal law. Environmental criminal law refers to behavior that endanger the environment. Also, the environmental criminal law covered all the criminal penalties regarding harming the environment. It also includes the collective concept of all the elements of environmental crime. In the Environmental Criminal Law, there are criminal countermeasures to combat air pollution, including Article 190-1 of the Criminal Law and Article 51 of the AirPollution Control Law.
In order to reduce the emission of air pollutants, relevant criminal regulations are set. States would also regard this as one of the national policies. Therefore, there are several issues to be clarified in the legal perspective. Whether the regulation is complete will greatly influence the country's overall reduction in emissions. It is worth discussing in detail. This article intends to discuss related issues. In order to clearly define related legal disputes and improve the planning system, the article will ompare the criminal sanctions of air pollution emission regulated in both criminal law and administrative law. It is hoped that the emission of air pollutants can be effectively slowed down. |
