情緒對外交決策之影響：以韓戰期間的中共與美國為例

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題名:	情緒對外交決策之影響：以韓戰期間的中共與美國為例 Impact of Emotions on Foreign Policy Decision-making: Case Study of China and the U.S. During the Korean War.
作者:	盧俊昇
貢獻者:	政治學系
關鍵詞:	情緒情緒轉向 emotions emotional turn
日期:	2022
上傳時間:	2023-03-17 14:03:09 (UTC+8)
摘要:	近年來隨著腦神經科學的進步，情緒與理性的二分法觀點已受到挑戰與修正。情緒與理性是不可截然兩分的整體機制，這樣的觀點已然衝擊各個研究領域，帶來一波新的「行為革命」浪潮，當然也為國際關係研究帶來了一波「情感轉向」或「情緒轉向」。從2000年開始，陸陸續續有國際關係學者開始倡議重視情感和情緒的研究，基於這樣一個重要觀念轉折的契機，本文嘗試以這波國際關係「情緒轉向」的研究成果，來探討情緒在韓戰的決策過程中扮演一個怎樣的角色。主流國際關係對於戰爭的分析，多半是建立在理性計算的現實主義視角上。理性選擇理論熱衷於把理性和自利的假設，廣泛運用於政治行為的研究中；但個體不可能全盤掌握到最佳可行決策中所需的全部資訊，顯然人們不是完全的理性，自然也就無法達到經濟學中「效用最大化」的這一目標。換句話說，人是會犯錯的，會受到各種內在與外部因素的影響，進而做出各種不理性的決策，所以情緒也可能是影響決策者的重要因素之一。本論文採質化研究，以論述分析與個案研究做為主要核心研究方法，並透過Todd H. Hall的三種情緒性論述分析(情緒性陳述論述、情緒性挑釁論述與情緒性論述)，來分析韓戰期間美國與中共在決策過程中，是否受到情緒影響而做出不理性的決策。最後本文研究發現，無論是威權國家或是民主國家，其國內政治的激情往往會導致決策者上喪失在實際戰場上的理性判斷。從韓戰中美雙方的分析中可以發現，國家決策者與戰場指揮官的判斷往往不一致：不論是美軍或是共軍的最終決策者，最終均決定聽從政治的激情而非戰場實際的情況。此可彰顯本文的論點：政治激情往往會凌駕於理性決策之上，進而做出不理性的決策。 In recent years, with the advance of neuroscience, the dichotomy between emotions and rationality has been challenged and revised. The view that emotion and rationality are integral mechanisms that cannot be separated, has influenced various research fields, bringing a new wave of “behavioral revolution” and, of course, a wave of “affective turn” or “emotional turn” for International Relations. Since 2000, international relations scholars have begun to advocate the study of emotions and affection. Based on this opportunity of an important conceptual turning point, this research would take the results of “emotional turn” in international relations to explore the role of emotions in the decision-making process during the Korean War. The analyses of war in mainstream international relations are mostly from the realism perspective of rational calculation. Rational choice theory is keen to apply the assumptions of rationality and self-interest to the study of political behaviors; however, it is impossible for individuals to grasp all the information needed in the best feasible decision-making. Obviously, human beings are not completely rational so that the goal of “maximization of utility” cannot be achieved. In other words, we humankind that make mistakes and are affected by various internal and external factors push us make irrational decisions. Therefore, emotions may be one of the important factors that influence decision makers during the war. This dissertation adopts a qualitative approach, to use discourse analysis and case study as the main methods. At the same time, to apply Todd H. Hall’s three types of emotional discourses analysis (emotionally indicative discourse, emotionally provocative discourse, and emotionally invocative discourse) to analyze whether the United States and the People’s Republic of China leadership were effected by emotions to make irrational decisions in the decision-making process during the Korean War. Finally, this research finds that the passions of domestic politics in both authoritarian and democratic countries often lead to a loss of rational judgment on the actual battlefield. From the analysis of China and the United States in the Korean War, it found that the judgments of national decision-makers and battlefield commanders are often inconsistent: the final decision makers of both the U.S. and the China forces ultimately decided to listen to political passions rather than actual battlefield situation. This highlights the thesis of the paper: political passions often override rational decisions and lead to irrational ones.
顯示於類別:	[政治系暨政治學系碩博士班] 博碩士論文

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