宋美齡的價值選擇：心理傳記學的研究取向

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题名:	宋美齡的價值選擇：心理傳記學的研究取向 May-ling Soong’s Life Choice: A Study of Psychobiography
作者:	吳聰慧
贡献者:	心理輔導學系
关键词:	心理傳記宋美齡原型情景自卑與超越 psychobiography May-ling Soong prototypical scene inferiority complex and superiority
日期:	2022
上传时间:	2023-03-17 10:15:00 (UTC+8)
摘要:	本研究以心理傳記學為研究方法，民國初年人物宋美齡為研究對象，嘗試使用心理學理論詮釋其生命歷程，探索其早年經驗如何影響她生命的價值選擇。透過傳主宋美齡的電報書信、文章、演講、傳記等資料，鋪陳宋美齡的生命故事，從富商家族起源，看見宋氏姐妹獨特的童年經驗，接受超過十年全方位的西式教育，宋美齡眼中溫柔、固執又才能出眾的姐姐們，激發其追求超越的心理動力，與蔣介石結婚後，她成為引人注目的第一夫人，致力於多項運動、政策的推動，如創辦遺族學校、推廣新生活運動、中國空軍採購、西安事變和談等等，她的表現皆不落人後，站在大眾面前，前半生享盡榮耀美名。本研究使用的心理學概念有：Schulz原型情景（prototypical scene）、Adler早年經驗、出生序、自卑與超越等理論，作為理解宋美齡生命選擇的視框。首先，提出兩種原型情景，一是童年「獨自穿越黑暗走廊」的原型情景，恐懼卻又故作堅強的宋美齡，以解釋她保衛尊嚴的行為模式，如西安事變與中英關係中的行動；二是童年「不願落單」的原型情景，遊戲中總是被拋下卻又再次努力追逐的宋美齡，以解釋其一生中追求超越兩位姐姐的行動。她身為么女，身邊有許多更有能力的競爭者，自卑感引發其追求優越的動機，並形成一種權力、控制與他人目光的強力追求，引領她與蔣介石結婚，成為「第一夫人」，在心理與實質上，獲取更高的位置。 This study adopts the psychobiographical approach, attempting to explain the life choice of May-ling Soong, a famous political figure in the beginning years of the Republic of China. Through the lens of psychology theories, this research tries to explore how her early experiences affected her values and thus influenced her choices under critical circumstances. The life story of May-ling Soong laid out in this study is based on gathered materials including telegraphs, letters, articles, speeches, biographies and so on. Growing up in a wealthy family and receiving western education more than a decade, the Soong sisters had distinct and unique childhood. This research suggests that May-ling Soong’s two talented older sisters might be one of the probable causes that motivated her to strive to become superior. After marrying Chiang Kai-shek, she promoted numerous policies and campaigns such as the establishment of a school for the army descendants, the promotion of the New Life movement, the procurement of the Chinese Air Force and the achievement of peace negotiation in the Xi-An incident, etc., making her a rather distinctive first lady. With such remarkable performance, she stood in front of the public eye and enjoyed a glorious reputation in the first half of her life. Important psychology concepts such as Adler's early recollections, family constellation and inferiority complex, combined with prototypical scene as method, are selected as approaches to the life study of May-ling Soong. This research proposes two prototypical scenes in attempt to interpret how May-ling Soong’s power motive might be developed. The first one is ‘walking through the dark corridor alone’ incident from her childhood, in which she’s completely terrified but pretending to be fearless, used as a scene to explain her future behavioral pattern of defending her dignity, including her decisions in the Xi-An incident and China-United Kingdom diplomatic relations. The second one is the scene of ‘unwilling to be alone’, in which May-ling Soong was constantly left alone while playing with other kids but still tries her best to catch up, explained as a source of her strenuous pursuit of surpassing her two sisters in the rest of her life. As the youngest sibling, she is surrounded by many capable competitors by birth, the inferiority complex may be her motivation to be superior, in the form of consistent pursuit of power, leading her to marry Chiang Kai-shek and becoming the ‘First Lady’ to acquire higher position in life.
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