| 摘要: | 人身自由為基本人權，是所有權利的基礎，所謂「不自由，毋寧死」，沒有自由就不用奢談人權。換言之，捍衛憲法所保障人民的基本權利，係民主法治國家最重要的工作。尤其涉及任何侵犯人民身體行動自由的措施與處分，都必須嚴格遵守法律保留原則。國家機關不得任意解釋法律，任何行政行為，都必須有法律依據，依法行政。行政機關雖有一定之行政裁量自由形成之空間，執法者雖可依其行政目的之不同，而針對所採取之行政手段為合理之差別對待，惟基於憲法平等原則之要求，相同事務本應相同處理，執法者必須有法律明確規範及正當理由支持下，才可作出不相同之差別待遇，否則即違反平等原則。
人身自由係屬人民最重要的基本權利，為行使其他權利之基礎。是以，國家對人民最後採取限制出境之手段，不論是基於公法上之處分以確保「行政執行」、「稅捐保全」或是刑事訴訟法上之境管措施，以確保「訴訟程序進行」、「保障國家刑罰權行使」等目的，其最終目的不啻是為了維護法律之前人人平等之公平性。既然目的都是考量法秩序之公平性及安定性，則法律上對限制出境期限之規定，理應一致
Personal freedom is fundamental human right – the foundation of all kinds of right. The old saying of “Give me liberty, or give me death!” clearly reveals that there is no way of talking about human rights when there is no freedom. In other words, the most essential task for a democratic country is to safeguard the fundamental rights protected by the constitution law. All measures or rulings that may infringe upon the personal freedom of any person shall be conducted strictly in compliance with the principle of legal reservation. The public agency is not allowed to arbitrarily interpret law provisions and cannot take any administrative action without legal basis. Though the administrative agencies are endowed with discretionary power and may implement differential treatments under different purposes, the law enforcement department can only do so in accordance with laws and with justified reasons in order to fulfill the equality principle – the same kind of affairs shall be treated in the same way - stipulated in the constitution law.
Personal freedom is the most essential fundamental right of the people and the foundation of exercising other rights. Thus, the ultimate goal for the state to impose the measure of restriction on travelling abroad – whether it is done in the form of ruling under public laws to secure administrative execution or tax safeguards, or in the form of restriction on travelling abroad under criminal procedural law to secure the trial or judicial power of the state – is actually to ensure “Equal justice under law.” Since the purposes for imposing restriction on travelling abroad are all out of fairness and stability of the legal order, then the laws regarding the restricted travelling period should be consistent. |
