| 摘要: | 環保意識日趨高漲，國際環保法規不斷修正，歐盟正在以成為國際上最具影響力的經濟區戰略下，在環境領域以高理念和高目標應對全球環境問題，其中以重金屬與化學物質的電子廢棄物不斷增加，環境污染破壞事件，主要歸咎於產品製造和生產流程，導致生態系統和自然資源耗盡，歐盟於2003年電機電子產品對環境影響規範，其中以WEEE、RoHS、Reach、EuP指令對產業影響力最大，只要有不符合指令要求，就不得進入歐盟整個市場，促使企業必須遵循國際相關法規才能營運或生產，導致企業產品結構，需要全部更新，機械設備需重新設計，大幅提高企業成本，品質降低，若不能更新，導致企業風險增加，倒閉性可能性大增，反之；若研發成功產品創新力增加，則產業經營績效也會大幅提高。因此本研究在國際歐盟法規變動下，針對生產製程、產業創新與產業供應等面向，運用多評準決策方法 (Multi-criteria decision-making, MCDM) 進行風險辨識、定性分析與定量分析，決定各構面之關鍵因子與風險優先係數，最後提出相關企業之風險因應策略，期能協助相關企業達成永續經營之目標，本文之研究架構未來也可延伸運用至不同產業，以提升該相關企業之永續競爭力。
The increase of the environmental protection awareness, causing the constant revisions of global environmental protection regulations to take place. Among all the issues, people blames that the occurrence of the environmental pollutions and damage issues are the consequences of the product manufacturing and production process of the electronic waste of heavy metals and chemical substances which has caused the damage of ecosystems and natural resources. In 2003, the European Union (EU) set regulations in order to control the environment impacts of electrical and electronic productions. WEEE, RoHS, Reach, and EuP are the regulations that bring greatest impact towards the industry among all the other regulations. The regulations set had urged the companies to comply with the relevant international regulations before they could operate or produce, causing the production restructure and the machinery and equipment redesign of the company becoming a compulsory update that need to be done, which it would greatly increases the cost of the company and reduces the quality of the products. As long as the requirements of the regulations could not be reached, companies are not allowed to enter the entire EU market. If the update failed to be done, operating risk will increase. On the other hand, if the update is successful, the product innovation will be increased so does the operating performance. Therefore, this research uses multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods for risk identification, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis to determine the production process, industrial innovation, and industrial supply under the changes of the EU regulations. Then, highlighting the key factors of the dimension and the risk priority coefficient, and finally suggesting the risk response strategy, in hope to assist the relevant companies to achieve the goal of sustainable operation. |
