以形狀語法與遺傳演算法應用於都市設計配置方案之研究

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Title:	以形狀語法與遺傳演算法應用於都市設計配置方案之研究 A Study on the Application of Shape Grammar and Genetic Algorithm in Urban Design Site Planning Schemes
Authors:	楊靈
Contributors:	建築及都市設計學系
Keywords:	形狀語法模式語法遺傳演算法 NSGA-Ⅱ 演算法都市設計配置方案參數化設計多目標綜合性方案選擇 Shape Grammar Pattern Language Genetic Algorithm NSGA-Ⅱ Algorithm Urban Design Site Planning Schemes parametric design multi-objective comprehensive schemes selection
Date:	2021
Issue Date:	2023-03-03 13:57:24 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	當今全球城市隨著城市化進程的不斷推進，在城市發展過程中對於傳統歷史文化和城鎮風貌的改變甚至是破壞，也引起了人們更多的反思。目前基於當地原有特點而進行的規劃設計的呼聲越來越高，這在某種程度上也是要求設計要回到對於城鎮本質形態的理解和挖掘。都市設計配置方案，即建築形體模組組合方案，是針對於城市形態構成元素中的基地及建築佈局層次的綜合研究，是城市形態學的核心內容，也是都市設計領域的重要部分，其對城鎮的最終品質能夠產生直接而深遠的影響。本文立足於城市形態學研究方法，以大陸黑龍江省安達市站前歷史街區為研究對象，全面地描述其建築形體模組組合在街區層面上的規則，系統創建基於規則的參數化設計方法，並進一步對多方案進行定量評價，以期構成一套完整包含規則生成、方案設計、評價方法的都市設計配置設計方法，是經典城市形態學理論在都市設計配置方面結合計算器程式化輔助設計在人工智慧設計領域的一次全新探索。整體研究主要圍繞兩個命題進行論述解答：一是街區層面的都市設計配置的形態規則，是否能通過計算器程式化輔助設計技術進行其參數化設計？二是自動化生成街區層面的都市設計配置方案，是否可進行多目標綜合性方案選擇？並針對兩個命題，通過建立以形狀語法及模式語法為基礎的街區層面都市設計配置語法、建立以遺傳演算法中NSGA-Ⅱ 演算法為基礎的多目標方案綜合優化與選擇方法為主的研究方法論來予以解答。其中，街區層面都市設計配置語法的方法論中，提出對街區層面的都市設計配置本體要素特徵的實例提取、定義不同形態對象以及對象與對象之間的規則設定，以及街區層面都市設計配置語法在語法編輯的流程、參數設置與設計模式語法編輯的三個重點；在多目標方案綜合優化與選擇方法論中，強調求解模型搭建、優化設置、結果求解的研究過程與思路，可為設計師提供不同指標面向的操作性方案解集。總體來說，本論文在利用形狀語法和遺傳演算法的技術手段研究都市設計配置方案具有創新性，同時建構基於 Rhino平臺的Grasshopper 的語法程式庫和方法論具有可推廣性，並為保存歷史街區地域特色和再利用提供重要策略。 With the continuous progress of urbanization, the changes and even destruction of traditional historical culture and urban landscape in the process of urban development have caused more reflection. At present, the voice of planning and design based on the original characteristics of the local area is growing. To some extent, it also requires the design to return to the understanding and excavation of the essential form of the town. Urban Design Site Planning Scheme, that is, architectural form module combination scheme, is a comprehensive study of land layout and architectural layout levels in the elements of urban form. It is the core content of Urban Morphology and an important part of Urban Design. It can have a direct and far-reaching impact on the final quality of the city. Based on the research method of Urban Morphology, this paper takes Zhanqian historical block in Anda City of Heilongjiang Province as the research object, comprehensively describes the rules of its architectural form module combination at the block level, systematically creates a rule-based parametric design method, and further makes a quantitative evaluation of multiple cases, so as to form a complete set of Urban Design Site Planning method including rule generation, scheme design and evaluation. The Urban Design Site Planning method is a new exploration of classical Urban Morphology theory in Urban Design Site Planning combined with computer-aided design in the field of Artificial Intelligence Design. The overall research mainly focuses on two propositions: Fristly, can the parametric design of the Urban Design Site Planning morphological rules at the block level be carried out through the computer-aided design technology? Secondly, can the automatically generation of the Urban Design Site Planning at the block level be carried out by the multi-objective comprehensive schemes selection? In view of the two propositions, this paper tries to solve them by establishing the block level Urban Design Site Planning Grammar based on Shape Grammar and Pattern Language, and the research methodology based on NSGA - Ⅱ Algorithm of Genetic Algorithm. Among them, in the methodology of Urban Design Site Planning Grammar at the block level, it puts forward the extraction of ontology features of Urban Design Site Planning at the block level, the definition of objects of different forms and rule assignment between objects, and grammar editing process, parameter setting and design Pattern Language editing of Urban Design Site Planning at the block level; In the methodology of multi-objective scheme comprehensive optimization and selection, the research process and ideas of solution model building, optimization setting and result solving are emphasized, which can provide designers with operational scheme solution sets for different indicators. On the whole, this paper is innovative in using Shape Grammar and Genetic Algorithm to study the Urban Design Site Planning Schemes. At the same time, the Grammar Library and methodology based on Grasshopper can be popularized, and provide important strategies for preserving the regional characteristics of historical blocks and reusing them.
Appears in Collections:	[Department of Architecture and Urban Design & Graduate Institute of Architecture and Urban Planning ] thesis

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