| 摘要: | 中共在海外設立軍事基地，是中共領導人習近平時期「遠海防衛」戰略的一環，其涉及解放軍在21世紀的新任務，維護國家海外利益與安全。而中共於2017年8月1日在吉布地成立海外首座後勤軍事基地，是讓共軍從「近海防禦」朝向「遠海防衛」重要關鍵。關鍵的存在，使得軍事力量支撐中共地區經貿發展與安全。並以吉布地為中心，向東印度洋、向北地中海、西南大西洋，將馬漢所稱「海洋的使用」海運、生產、市場與「軍民兩用」基地的結合。
由於中共駐吉布地軍事基地性質為後勤支援，並運用軍事物流系統支援海外軍隊，故其指揮管制，依據「軍委管總、戰區主戰、軍種主建」原則，接受「戰區聯合作戰指揮中心後裝保障分域中心」、「戰區聯勤保障中心」指管。才符合2021年中央軍委主席習近平指示，「著力建設一切為了打仗的後勤」朝美軍海外遠距海上後勤部隊機動快速補給邁進。
雖然，目前後勤基地性質與命名，係仿效日本自衛隊，以支援海外部隊後勤補給，並協助補給海軍亞丁灣護航編隊艦船與非洲維和部隊等物資與油水等補給作業。未來隨著中共海外利益不斷地擴大，現有基地的後勤與區域內輪駐的部隊，不足以防衛中共在非洲、中東等周邊地區海外投資與各項安全。此時，中共是有可能藉著吉布地有各國在地設立軍事基地、中吉兩國雙邊經貿利益、吉布地主權國同意等，擴大在吉布地後勤基地建設，朝著美軍大型作戰職能型的軍事基地發展。
至於其他西方國家擔心中共會在東南亞、南亞、中東、非洲等重要海上通道設立「海外基地」，中共將以投資當地「國際商港」、「貨櫃碼頭」、「自由貿易區」為主，偶爾以外交手段採取技術性靠港模式，提供中共海軍艦船臨時性的後勤補給任務。除非，中共後續能使地主國排除以美國為主的軍事同盟外交的干擾、國內憲法等限制，才會繼續在第二個他國，建立類似吉布地模式的海外軍事基地。
The establishment of military bases overseas by the Chinese Communist Party(CCP) is the foundation of the strategy of "far seas defense" during Chinese leader Xi Jinping on the position. It involves the PLA's new tasks in the 21st century to safeguard the country's overseas interests and security. On August 1, 2017, the CCP established the first overseas logistic military base in Djibouti, which is the turing point for the CCP army from "near seas defense" to "far sea defense". The existence of joint points enable military forces to support the economic and trade development and security of the CCP region. And with Djibouti as the center, to the east Indian Ocean, north to the Mediterranean Sea, and southwest Atlantic Ocean, to combine what Mahan called "the use of the ocean" for shipping, production, and marketing with "dual-use military and civilian" bases.
Since the nature of the CCP’s military base in Djibouti is logistical support and uses the military logistic system to support overseas troops, its command and control is based on the principle of “under the military commission, the battle in the theater, and the construction of the military service”. It is under the supervision of the "Installation Support Sub-Domain Center" and "The Theater Joint Logistics Support Center". Under the Xi Jinping instructions, as a Chairman of the Central Military Commission in 2021, "strive to build all logistics for war" and move towards the mobile and rapid supply of the US military far seas logistic forces.
Although, the current nature and naming of the logistic base follow the example of the Japanese Self-Defense Forces, to support the logistic supply of overseas troops, and to assist in supplying supplies and oil and water to the naval escort fleet in the Gulf of Aden and the African peacekeeping force. In the future, as the CCP's overseas interests continue to expand, the logistics of the existing bases and the troops stationed in the region will not be enough to defend the CCP's overseas investment and various security in Africa, the Middle East and other regions. At this time, it is possible for the CCP to expand the construction of the logistic base in Djibouti by taking advantage of the establishment of military bases in Djibouti by countries, the bilateral economic and trade interests of China and Djibouti, and the consent of the sovereign state of Djibouti, etc. base development.
As for other Western countries, they are worried that the CCP will set up "overseas bases" in important sea routes such as Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. The CCP will mainly invest in local "international commercial ports", "container terminals" and "free trade zones", and occasionally it adopts a technical port call mode through diplomatic means, and provides temporary logistical supply tasks for Chinese naval vessels. Unless the CCP can enable the host country to eliminate the diplomatic interference of military alliances dominated by the United States, domestic constitutional restrictions and other restrictions, can it continue to establish overseas military bases similar to the Djibouti model in a second country. |
