| 摘要: | 本研究旨在探討大臺北地區中高齡者之個人背景變項、社會支持及退休準備之現況，並分析不同個人背景變項的受試者在社會支持及退休準備之相關及差異性。
本研究係採用問卷調查法，以大臺北地區（臺北市及新北市）之中高齡者年滿45歲且尚未退休者為研究對象，本研究共發放450份問卷，回收問卷447份，回收率為99%，有效問卷為445份。所使用的問卷測量工具包括「個人基本資料」(8題)、「高齡學習者社會支持量表」（陳佑淵，2017）(17題)及「退休準備量表」（林怡青，2015）(28題)，共53題。本研究使用描述性統計、獨立樣本t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後比較、皮爾森積差相關、多元迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析。研究結果如下：
一、根據研究結果顯示，中高齡者之「社會支持」會因「教育程度」、「婚姻狀況」、「經濟狀 況」、「整體而言，覺得自身的健康狀況」、「與一年前相比，覺得目前的健康狀況」及「和多數同年齡的人相比，覺得自身的健康狀況」之不同而有顯著差異。
二、根據研究結果顯示，中高齡者整體之「退休準備」會因「年齡」、「教育程度」、「經濟狀 況」、「整體而言，覺得自身的健康狀況」、「與一年前相比，覺得目前的健康狀況」及「和多數同年齡的人相比，覺得自身的健康狀況」之不同而有顯著差異。
三、根據研究結果顯示，中高齡者整體之「社會支持」及整體之「退休準備」有顯著的正相關。
四、根據研究結果顯示，中高齡者之「個人背景」與「社會支持」對「退休準備」之解釋力達顯著水 準。 最後，統整本研究結果，提供中高齡者、政府相關單位及未來研究者之參考。
The study aims to investigate the relationships between personal background variables, social support, and retirement preparation among middle-aged and older adults in the Greater Taipei Area.
The study adopted survey method and recruited middle-aged and older adults who have reached the age of 45 and have not yet retired in the Greater Taipei Area (Taipei City and New Taipei City). The researcher distributed a total of 450 questionnaires and retrieved 447 valid completed questionnaires with a response rate of 99%, and among which are 445 valid questionnaires. The measurement tools included “personal background information” (8 items), “Social Support Scale of Elderly Learners” (Chen, 2010) (17 items) and “Scale of Retirement Preparation” (Lin, 2015) (28 items) , in total of 53 items. The study conducted statistical analysis, including descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé method, Pearson’s product moment correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Research findings are shown below:
1. According to research findings, the level of “social support” among middle-aged and older adults is statistically significantly different in those who have different levels of “education,” “marital status,” “financial status,” “health condition in general,” “health condition compared with a year ago,” and “health condition compared with most people at the same age.”
2. According to research findings, the overall level of retirement “preparation among middle-aged and older adults is statistically significantly different in those who have different level of “age,” “education,” “financial status,” “health condition in general,” “health condition compared with a year ago,” and “health condition compared with most people at the same age.”
3. According to research findings, there is a statistically significantly positive correlation between overall “social support” and overall “retirement preparation” among middle-aged and older adults.
4. According to research findings, the predictive power of “personal background” and “social support” among middle-aged and older adults on “retirement preparation” is found to be statistically significant.
Finally, the researcher offer suggestions based on the research findings serve to middle-aged and older adults, related governmental units, and researchers in the future. |
