| 摘要: | 本研究透過訪談三位長期與高齡長者工作之藝術治療師，探究其帶領高齡長者及失智症長者藝術治療團體之專業生涯，了解藝術治療師與高齡者工作之經驗、可能面對的挑戰、如何以藝術治療介入，以及高齡者參與藝術治療團體之成效。
研究方法上，本研究以深入訪談法(in-depth interviews)蒐集資料，每位受訪者深入訪談2至2.5小時，根據張芬芬(2010)之質性資料分析五步驟去分析，勾勒並統整訪談資料，形成深入的解釋架構，據以回答本研究之研究問題。
研究結論一為治療師有效協助高齡者面對持續的老化與衍生的失落。隨著持續的老化，長者渴望擁有自主性，須考量與尊重長者期待的老化，可藉由團體的人際互動，漸進鼓舞長者投入。藝術治療活動的難易度安排、媒材選擇，皆需要考量整體成員的身心狀況，協助長者建立成功的創作經驗，獲得成就感。其他研究發現，長者與親友之互動團體，可讓長者感受到家人的支持，並有機會修復或增進關係。
研究結論二為治療師需要彈性因應長者的生理狀態與異質性高的團體成員。團體中長者的健康狀態差距大，在目標設定與方案設計方面，除了共同的團體目標，亦須將個別狀態納入考量。治療師亦須了解高齡長者不同類型的病症發展，留意長者們在團體中的人身安全。
研究結論三為治療師協助高齡長者在人際關係中逐漸敞開與彼此支持。高齡長者在藝術治療團體中，藉由藝術創作表達自身的感受，彌補語言的不足。長者從分享生命經驗的過程中，學習感受情緒的流動、提高對自我的覺察，以及接納成員彼此間的差異，建立情感連結。其他研究發現，高齡長者在團體中學習以創造性態度因應老化挑戰遠比實際的創作更重要。
Through interviewing three art therapists who have long-term experience working with the elderly, this research explores their professional careers in leading the art therapy groups for the elderly and the elderly with dementia to understand the experience of art therapists and the elderly, the challenges they may face, how to intervene with art therapy, and the effectiveness of the participation by the elderly in art therapy groups.
In terms of research methods, in-depth interviews are used to collect data in this research. We conducted an in-depth interview for 2 to 2.5 hours for each respondent. According to the five-step analysis of qualitative data by Fen-fen Chang (2010), the info from the interview data is outlined and integrated to form an in-depth explanation structure, so as to answer the questions posed in this research.
The first conclusion of the study is that the therapists effectively assist the elderly to face continued aging and the resulting loss. With aging, the elderly desire to have autonomy, so the aging expectations of the elderly must be taken into consideration and respected. Through interpersonal interaction of therapy groups, we can gradually encourage the elders to participate. We need to take in the consideration of the members overall physical and mental state when arranging the difficulty of art therapy activities and selecting the media used, so as to assist the elderly establish a successful creative experience and gain a sense of accomplishment. Other studies have found that groups with interactions between the elderly and their relatives and friends can allow them to feel the support of their family members, which provides an opportunity to repair or enhance their relationships.
The second conclusion of the study is that therapists need to flexibly respond to the physiological state of the elderly and to group members with high heterogeneity. There is a large gap in the health status of the elderly in the group. In terms of setting goals and designing projects, besides common group goals, we must also take individual state into consideration. The therapists must also understand the development of different types of illnesses in the elderly and pay attention to their personal safety during the group sessions.
The third conclusion of the study is that therapists assist the elderly to gradually open up and support each other in interpersonal relationships. In art therapy groups, the elderly can express their feelings and make up for the lack of language through artistic creations. In the process of sharing life experience, the elderly can learn to feel their emotional flow, improve their self-awareness, and accept the differences between members to establish emotional connections. Other studies have found that it is far more important for the elderly to learn to respond to the challenges of aging with a creative attitude in the group than the actual creations themselves. |
