| 摘要: | 《病人自主權利法》是亞洲第一部完整地保障病人自主權利之專法，並以病人為主體之醫療法規，旨在保障病人醫療自主、善終權益，促進醫病關係和諧。透過「預立醫療決定」醫療自主權之表達，尊重病人醫療自主意願，保障其尊嚴與善終權益。
本文以憲法、刑法、病人自主權利法、外國法制為研究的背景素材，希冀就此研究，能提供醫療責任及病人自主權利等相關後續修法建議，分章架構如下：
第一章為緒論，包含研究背景與目的、研究方法、研究範圍與限制及研究流程與擬用資料。
第二章探討基本權之保障，人性尊嚴、生命權內涵以展開介紹，並探討保障意義及範圍，最後對生命權與人性尊嚴之折衝與法益衡量。
第三章係醫療行為可能刑事責任之探討，論及醫療責任、專斷醫療之容許性、拒絕輸血案、假設同意在德國實務上之發展演進、告知義務法理、我國刑事醫療判決關於告知義務之變遷及醫事刑責合理化之蹊徑。
第四章為病人自主權利法之介紹，病人自主權利法不足之處及該法之修法建議。
第五章本論文之結論與建議，依外國法制上安樂死實行之現況，並以我國憲法、刑法、病人自主權利法為基礎，提出結論與對我國刑法第 275 條之修法建議。
“Patient Right to Autonomy Act” is Asia’s first specialized legislation that offers complete protection of the patient's right to autonomy and stipulates that patient autonomy is respected in healthcare, to safeguard their rights to a good death, and to promote a harmonious physician-patient-relationship. By the expression of personal autonomy through “Advance Directive Decision”, patients’ decision about their medical care is respected, and their dignity and rights to a good death are safeguarded.
This article uses constitution, criminal law, patient right to autonomy act, and foreign legal systems as background materials for the research, in hope of providing suggestions for relevant subsequent amendments on medical liability and patient’s autonomy, and the article is divided into the following five chapters:
Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the research background and purpose, research methods, research scope and limitations, research process and proposed information.
Chapter 2 discusses the protection of fundamental rights, introduces the connotation of human dignity and right to life, and explores the meaning and scope of the protection, and finally the compromise and balance of legal benefits between the right to life and the human dignity.
Chapter 3 explores possible criminal liabilities of medical conducts, discussing the medical liability, the admissibility of arbitrary medical treatment, the case of refusal of blood transfusion, and the hypothetical consent in the development and evolution in German practice, the legal principles of the duty to inform, the changes of the duty to inform in the
criminal medical judgment in my country and the ways of medical crime rationalization.
Chapter 4 provides an introduction to the Patient Right to Autonomy Act, inadequacies of the Act, and the suggestions for amendment to the Act.
Chapter 5 provides the conclusion and suggestions of this article. Based on current practices of euthanasia in foreign legal systems, the chapter provides a conclusion on my country’s constitution, criminal law and patient right to autonomy act and gives suggestions for the amendments to Article 275 of my country’s criminal law. |
