隨著科技日新月異，近年來大量出現的數位化著作物改變了著作的型態和散布模式，當著作以數位媒介呈現時，因具備不易耗損等特性，著作權人為避免二手市場之著作物與初級市場之著作物形成競爭關係，因此經常以授權契約取代買賣契約的方式，將使用者定位成被授權人來規避第一次銷售原則之適用。這種形同架空第一次銷售原則之交易模式是否合理呢？其次，因為數位著作以數位格式呈現，利用網路傳輸散布的過程中必定有重製行為產生，惟第一次銷售原則係對散布權所為之限制而非重製權，那麼該行為是否已涉及重製權的侵害呢？又是否意味著數位著作將沒有流通至二手市場的機會呢？
對此本文將透過美國與歐盟的經典案例探討授權與買賣之區分以及數位傳輸中所生的重製問題。
Works used to need tangible items to deliver messages.However, due to the progress of information technology, that transfer the way of works’ expression in digital form to deliver message. The first sale doctrine which is the limit of distribution right also has difficulties about application in the change works’ expression.
First, when the owner of digital copyright claims the deal between both sides is determined as authorization. The owner can avoid the first sale doctrine. The application of first sale doctrine is for the owner so when customers who have remakes determined as authorizer, they can’t claim first sale doctrine. Therefore, how can the owner of copyright limit the application of first sale doctrine in this transaction mode? And how can we define Authorization or Sale? That will be solved in this essay.
Second, digital works must be copied in transmission process. So, even we define customers as owner, it still violates the owner who has copyright. Because of the first sale doctrine just is an expected rule of distribution right. According to this, if digital works will not apply to first sale doctrine?
To sum up, this essay will analyze court cases to deal the problem. To explore the difficulties of digital works if apply to the first sale doctrine? And search the subject to study in our laws.
