摘要: | 臺灣深受傳統孝道的影響,年長父母的居住安排多與子女同住,並認為子女有責任提供資源給父母,但隨著外在環境的改變,使得代間共居已不再是最主要的居住安排方式。故當年長父母居住安排改變時,代間交換與其生活滿意度將如何影響,而這種影響是否也會隨著區域的不同而出現區域差異化,又在不同時代背景下之年長父母居住安排對代間交換與生活滿意度能否產生差異,值得研究。
本研究採用衛生福利部中老年身心社會生活狀況長期追蹤調查民國78年與民國92年的資料,共6,268份問卷,將代間交換分為親代與子代之間的情感支持(關心、傾聽等)、勞務支持(日常生活照顧與家事處理等),以及工具支持(金錢、物質幫助)等類型,並依中老年人在勞務與工具交換過程中所扮演的資源接受者、提供者、同時為資源接受與提供之互惠者三種型態角色,以結構方程模型(Structural Equation Modeling)進行分析。首先,檢驗中老年人是否與子女同住之居住安排的調節變量是否存在。其次,從城鄉探討中老年人居住安排影響是否存在城鄉差異性,最後檢驗不同年代對中老年人居住安排的影響性。
實證研究結果顯示:中老年人是否與子女同住之居住安排確實對不同類型代間交換與其生活滿意度具有重要的不同影響性,尤其當中老年人未與子女同住時,情感支持對其生活滿意度影響比與子女同住時更顯著,另居住安排對於城鄉地區與不同的年代也存在顯著影響之差異性。前開實證結果可作為政府在訂定中老年人居住政策或後續研究之參考。
Taiwan is deeply influenced by traditional filial piety. Adult parents often live with their children and believe that children have the responsibility to take care of their parents. However, with the change of the external environment, intergenerational cohabitation is no longer the most important way of adult parents’ living arrangement. Therefore, when the norms of adult parents’ living arrangements change, how will intergenerational exchange affect their life satisfaction, and whether this influence will show differences between urban and rual areas? Do different eras have vaired impacts? Such isssues are worth investigating.
This study use the data from the long-term tracking survey report on the mental and social life of middle aged and elderly people (conducted by the National Health Administration of the Ministry of Health and Welfare) in 1989 and 2003 with a total of 6,268 questionnaires. Intergenerational exchange is divided into emotional support (care, listening, etc.) between parents and children, labor support (daily life care and family affairs processing, etc.), and instrumental support (money, material help). Labor support and instrumental support are also divided into resource recipient, provider, and reciprocity based on the three types of roles played by the middle-aged and the elderly during intergenerational exchange. This study aims to investigate three questions by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Firstly, to invstigate the existence of moderation for the living arrangement of middle-aged and elderly people. Next, to explore the differences of impact of the living arrangements between urban and rural areas, and finally to exaime the moderation of different years on the living arrangements.
The empirical results show that the living arrangements of middle-aged and elderly people do have important and different effects on different types of intergenerational exchanges and their life satisfaction. Especially, when the middle-aged and elderly people do not live with their children, emotional support has a relatvely significant impact on their life satisfaction than those live with their children. In addition, the living arrangement also has a significant impact between urban and rural areas as well as different years. These empirical results can be used as a reference for the government in formulating housing policies for the middle-aged and the elderly or for subsequent research. |