| 摘要: | 目的：探討背蹲舉速度流失 (velocity loss, VL) 對神經肌肉功能表現及恢復曲線的效果。方法：招募具11名阻力訓練經驗男性為研究對象，以重複量數及平衡次序方式進行VL10% 及VL30% 的背蹲舉運動，兩種實驗處理至少間隔7天。測驗當天，研究對象首先進行安靜值乳酸採血及主觀痠痛視覺類比量表 (visual analogue scale, VAS) 評估，在標準化動態熱身流程後，進行下蹲跳 (countermovement jump, CMJ)、1 m·s⁻¹相對負荷速度變化 (against velocity 1 m·s⁻¹ load, V1 load) 及最大自主收縮 (maximal voluntary contraction, MVC) 前測。待安靜休息10分鐘後，以0.7 m·s⁻¹相對負荷進行背蹲舉運動 (VL10%、VL30% 處理)，組間休息3分鐘，總反覆次數為36次。運動全程監控動作速度 (平均速度 [mean velocity, MV]、峰值速度 [peak velocity, PV] ) 與功率輸出 [平均功率 [mean power, MP] 及峰值功率 [peak power, PP] )，以及紀錄組間血乳酸濃度、差異運動自覺努力程度 (differential rating of perceived exertion, dRPE)，並於運動後立即、24、48及72小時觀察依變項的恢復表現。統計方式以相依樣本t檢定比較兩組在運動過程動作速度、功率輸出指標的差異，並以二因子變異數分析考驗組別於各時段的神經肌肉功能表現差異。結果：兩組在36次反覆後的總訓練量無顯著差異 (p >.05)，VL10% 的MV、PV、MP、PP皆顯著更高於VL30% (p <.05)，在運動期血乳酸濃度及dRPE顯著低於VL30% (p <.05)。VL10% 在CMJ、V₁load、MVC僅在運動後立即顯著低於運動前 (p <.05)，而VAS在48小時內觀察到低於運動前 (p <.05)。VL30% 的CMJ在24小時內、MVC在48小時內顯著低於運動前 (p <.05)，V₁load及VAS在72小時內皆與運動前達顯著差異 (p <.05)。結論：在等反覆次數條件下，透過VL10% 設定能維持更高的功率輸出表現、降低疲勞代謝物與知覺反應，以及加快運動後72小時內神經肌肉功能表現的恢復情形。
Purpose: This study was to investigate the effect of velocity loss (VL) during back squat on neuromuscular performance and recovery curve. Methods: Eleven resistance-trained men were included in a controlled, randomized, and designed cross-over investigation with two experimental conditions and one-week of washout interval between them. On the day of the test, the subjects underwent a baseline blood lactate collection and a visual analogue scale (VAS) assessment for subjective soreness, followed by a standardized dynamic warm-up procedure. Pre-tests of countermovement jump (CMJ), against velocity 1 m·s⁻¹ load (V₁load), and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) were performed. After a 10-minute rest, back squats were performed with a relative load of 0.7 m·s⁻¹ (VL10%, VL30% treatment), with a 3-minute rest between sets, and a total number of 36 repetitions. Monitor the movement velocity (mean velocity [MV], peak velocity [PV] ) and power output (mean power [MP], peak power [PP] ) during exercise. Blood lactate concentrations and differential rating of perceived exertion (RPE) assessments were recorded between groups. and the recovery of dependent variables was observed at post-test, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Statistically, the differences in movement velocity and power output between the two groups during exercise were compared by the dependent sample t-test, and the differences in neuromuscular performance of the test groups at different time periods were analyzed by two-way ANOVA for dependent. Results: No significant difference in the total training volume between the two groups after 36 repetitions (p >.05). The MV, PV, MP, and PP of VL10% were significantly higher than those of VL30% (p <.05). Blood lactate and dRPE during exercise were significantly lower than VL30% (p <.05). VL10% in CMJ, V₁load, MVC was significantly lower than pre-exercise only immediately after exercise (p <.05), while VAS was observed to be lower than pre-exercise (p <.05) within 48 hours. VL30% of CMJ at 24 hours, MVC at 48 hours was significantly lower than before exercise (p <.05), V₁load and VAS were significantly different at 72 hours and before exercise (p <.05). Conclusion: The VL10% can maintain higher power output performance, reduce fatigue metabolites and perceptual responses, and decreases the time needed of neuromuscular performance within 72 hours after exercise even the number of repetitions is equalized. |
