| 摘要: | 本研究旨在探討「職業足球運動員的健康管理」，瞭解職業足球員健康發展情況及如何在其職業環境中做健康管理。在進行前導性研究確立研究問題方向與焦點後，研究者根據最大變異取樣與立意取樣原則，以職業足球運動員為研究對象，使用質性研究之深度訪談法蒐集資料，深入瞭解受訪者想法與其所建構之意義世界。本研究結果發現：
1.職業足球員健康管理的焦點項目有：
(1)在生理方面，「運動損傷與康復」、「飲食與營養」、「疾病與防治」、「疲勞與恢復」是主要問題。(2)在心理情緒方面，「壓力」、「焦慮情緒」是主要問題。(3)在面對社會之人際健康方面，「歸屬感」、「溝通能力」、「親密關係」、「社會支持」是主要問題。(4)在職業健康方面，「工作滿意度」、「價值感」、「職業認同感」、「職業倦怠」是主要問題。
2.職業足球運動員健康管理體系理論建構包涵以下面向：
健康目標制定、健康管理計劃、健康內容體系、健康方法體系、健康手段體系、健康實施輔助、健康監控方案、健康評價體系、健康政策制定。
3.職業足球員健康管理由於中國大陸主要唯成績論，訓練的規劃性不夠科學，大強度沒有恢復的情況，傷病是常態，休息不足長期處於高壓狀態，心理治療師，還不是很普及，足球這份職業作為他們生活的很重要的一部分，足球離不開生活，目前新冠肺炎這種社會狀況對整個職業足球系統、包括訓練、包括比賽都會受到影響，需要是從以前的逐漸慢慢恢復，變為現在要去盡快恢復。
4.最佳化職業足球員的健康管理模組理論建構包涵以下面向：
身體健康靠教育和科學的科學知識的灌輸、情緒健康依照現實的狀況去「修正」自己、智力健康依靠運動員終生學習及新智能設備的應用幫助不斷提升身心狀態、社會健康需要社會大眾構建和諧的人際關係模式、文化健康需要更大的開放度接納度、精神健康需要社會不斷提供關懷與支持、環境健康需要合理的行業和社會支持、財務健康需要高標準和產權結構多元化、職業健康職業需要長遠的架構和職業的規劃。
5.職業足球員的健康管理未來願景：
未來對職業足球員健康的規劃應涵蓋全人健康的所有面向，足球全人健康意義的構建過程涵蓋所有足球從業者，這也是未來職業足球員健康規劃的中心理念。身體、情緒和職業健康是最重要面向；身體、情緒、智力健康是最基礎環節；人際、文化、精神健康是較高級環節；環境、財務和職業健康是最終追求目標。
6.職業足球員的健康管理研究之建議：
(1)健康工作人員應該加強合作，對運動員的健康管理和保障工作應更為細緻和專業。(2)加強職業足球員職業健康教育，提高職業足球員全人健康知識儲備。(3)繼續優化職業足球相關健康工作人員及足球員的人文環境。(4)逐步構建更為高水平、具有較大普適性的最佳化職業足球員健康管理建構模型。
This research aims to explore the "health management of professional football players", to understand the healthy development of professional football players and how to do health management in their professional environment. After conducting a pilot study to establish the direction and focus of the research question, the researcher used professional football players as the research object according to the principle of maximum variation sampling and intentional sampling, and used the in-depth interview method of qualitative research to collect data to gain a deep understanding of the interviewee’s thoughts and their opinions. The world of meaning constructed. The results of this study found:
1. The focus items of professional football players' health management are (1) In terms of physiology, "sports injury and recovery", "diet and nutrition", "disease and prevention", and "fatigue and recovery" are the main issues. (2) In terms of psychological emotions, "stress" and "anxiety" are the main problems. (3) "Sense of belonging", "communication ability", "intimacy" and "social support" are the main issues in terms of interpersonal health in the face of society. (4) In terms of occupational health, "job satisfaction", "sense of value", "professional identity" and "occupational burnout" are the main problems.
2. The theoretical construction of professional football players' health management system includes the following aspects: health goal formulation, health management plan, health content system, health method system, health means system, health implementation assistance, health monitoring plan, health evaluation system, health policy formulation.
3. The health management of professional football players is mainly based on performance theory in mainland China. The planning of training is not scientific enough, and the situation of high intensity without recovery. Injuries and illnesses are normal, lack of rest and long-term high pressure. Psychotherapists are not very popular. Football This profession is a very important part of their lives. Football is inseparable from life. The current social situation of new crown pneumonia will affect the entire professional football system, including training, and competition. It needs to gradually recover from the previous. Now I want to recover as soon as possible.
4. The theoretical construction of the optimal health management module for professional football players includes the following aspects:
Physical health relies on education and the instillation of scientific scientific knowledge, emotional health to "correct" oneself according to the actual situation, intellectual health relies on athletes' lifelong learning and the application of new smart devices to help continuously improve the physical and mental state, and social health requires the public to build a harmonious society. Interpersonal relationship mode, cultural health requires greater openness and acceptance, mental health requires continuous care and support from the society, environmental health requires reasonable industry and social support, financial health requires high standards and a diversified ownership structure, occupational health and professional needs Long-term structure and career planning.
5. The future vision of professional football players' health management
The future health planning for professional footballers should cover all aspects of holistic health. The construction process of the meaning of football holistic health covers all football practitioners. This is also the central concept of future professional footballer health planning. Physical, emotional, and occupational health are the most important aspects; physical, emotional, and intellectual health are the most basic links; interpersonal, cultural, and mental health are higher-level links; environmental, financial, and occupational health are the ultimate pursuit goals.
6. Proposals for research on health management of professional football players
(1) Health workers should strengthen cooperation, and the health management and protection of athletes should be more meticulous and professional. (2) Strengthen occupational health education for professional football players, and improve the knowledge reserve of professional football players' whole-person health. (3) Continue to optimize the humane environment for health workers and football players related to professional football. (4) Gradually build a higher-level and universally optimized model for the health management of professional football players. |
