| 摘要: | 本論文研究旨在使用聚乳酸(PLA)和玻璃纖維粉(Glass fiber powder)、滑石粉(Talcum powder)、碳酸鈣(CaCO3，Calcium carbonate)，經雙螺桿押出機混練均勻形成複合材料，並測定此複合材料的形態學、機械性質、物理性質、熱性質以及動態與靜態力學性能。實驗中所使用的高分子複合材料由聚乳酸依比例添加玻璃纖維粉、滑石粉、碳酸鈣5、10、15phr放入押出機混練(每100g的PLA ：5g、10g、15g的玻璃纖維粉、滑石粉、碳酸鈣)。探討添加不同克數的玻璃纖維粉、滑石粉、碳酸鈣對聚乳酸複合材料的形態學(SEM、粒徑分析、FT-IR、XRD、Raman) 、機械性質(硬度、抗張測試、抗折測試以及耐衝擊測試)、物理性質(密度)、熱性質(TGA、DSC、HDT、TMA、MI)、及動態機械性質(DMA)。
從實驗結果得知，經由XRD、FT-IR及Raman測試，發現摻合物隨著玻璃纖維粉、滑石粉、碳酸鈣含量的增加，其特徵峰會更加明顯，可以證明無機粉體的存在。結構與形態學在SEM圖得知隨著表面結構從層狀變為平滑，粉體添加量越多，於PLA中開始團聚，並經由粒徑分析下，能確定三種粉體的大小幾乎相同；物理性質的測試，由於三種無機粉體的密度都比PLA的密度高，所以密度隨著粉體添加量的增加，有上升的趨勢；在機械性質測試方面，添加粉體對表面硬度無明顯影響；熱性質的測試，添加粉體能增加PLA的結晶度，熔融指數隨粉體添加量增加而開始下降，添加玻璃纖維粉、滑石粉及碳酸鈣能降低PLA的生產成本。
The purpose of this thesis is to use polylactic acid (PLA) and glass fiber powder, talcum powder, calcium carbonate, using a twin-screw extruder to uniformly form a composite material, and determine Morphology, mechanical properties, physical properties, thermal properties, and dynamic and static mechanical properties of the composite.The polymer composite material used in the experiment was made of polylactic acid by adding glass fiber powder, talc powder, calcium carbonate 5, 10, 15 phr into the extruder and kneading (per 100 g of PLA: 5 g, 10 g, 15 g of glass fiber powder, talc powder, calcium carbonate).
Explore the different components of the number of grams of polylactic acid composites morphology (SEM, particle size analysis, FT-IR, XRD, Raman), mechanical properties (hardness, tensile test, flexural resistance and impact resistance), physical properties (density), thermal properties (TGA, DSC, HDT, TMA, MI), and dynamic mechanical properties (DMA).
The experimental results show that, by XRD, FT-IR and Raman tests, it is found that with the increase of glass fiber powder, talc powder and calcium carbonate content, the characteristic peak of the blend is more obvious, which can prove the existence of inorganic powder. The structure and morphology can be seen from the SEM image that as the surface structure changes from layered to smooth, the more powder is added, the agglomeration begins in PLA, and by particle size analysis, it can be determined that the size of the three powders is almost the same; In the test of physical properties, because of the density of the three inorganic powders is higher than that of PLA, the density tends to increase with the increase of the amount of powder added; In the test of mechanical properties, the addition of powder has no obvious effect on the surface hardness; In the test of thermal properties, adding powder can increase the crystallinity of PLA, and the melt index begins to decrease with the increase of powder addition. Adding glass fiber powder, talc powder and calcium carbonate can reduce the production cost of PLA. |
