| 摘要: | 從世界人權宣言中可觀察到國際法上已將適足居住權定位為基本人權之一種，雖然世界人權宣言發布時期是在國際人權發展的初期，其不具有法律效力僅為一種宣示的承諾，但在世界人權宣言之後出現越來越多的公約在闡述適足居住權，例如經濟社會文化權利國際公約、消除一切形式種族歧視公約、消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約、身心障礙者權利公約等等，都在條文中提到對於住房權的保障。
本論文將從適足居住權的形成，其與社會正義及居住正義之關聯，其在國際上相關權利公約之規定及一般性意見之發展，進一步推導出適足居住權在我國之發展與適用，其在憲法上可能之定位，再透過經社公約相關委員會所做的一般性意見提出適足居住權係由使用權的法律保障、基礎設施的可使用性、可負擔性、適居性、可取得性、地點及文化的適足性共7個面向，檢視我國與適足居住權相關之法律，例如我國首部規範全國性住房政策的住宅法，該法明文將保障國民居住權益規定於立法目的中，另從住宅法、民法及租賃住宅市場發展及管理條例相關之法規、函釋及實務判決，觀察適足居住權在我國法制上之實現，提出建議以期我國居住權能有更詳盡之保障。
It can be observed from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that international law has positioned the right to adequate housing as one of the basic human rights. Although the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was issued at the early stage of the development of international human rights, its lack of legal effect is only a declared commitment, but After the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, there are more and more conventions that describe the right to adequate housing, such as the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, etc. The protection of the right to housing is mentioned in the articles.
This paper will further deduce the development and application of the right to adequate housing in my country from the formation of the right of adequate housing, its relationship with social justice and housing justice, the provisions of the relevant international rights conventions and the development of general comments. , its possible position in the constitution, and then through the general comments made by the relevant committees of the Economic and Social Covenant, it is proposed that the right to adequate housing is the legal protection of the right to use, the availability of infrastructure, affordability, habitability, Accessibility, location and cultural adequacy consist of 7 aspects, reviewing laws related to adequate housing rights in my country, such as my country's first housing law that regulates national housing policies. The purpose is to observe the realization of the right of adequate living in my country's legal system from the regulations, interpretations and practical judgments related to the Housing Law, the Civil Law and the Regulations on the Development and Management of the Rental Housing Market, and to put forward suggestions to ensure that the right to live in my country can be more fully guaranteed. |
