| 摘要: | 社區日間作業設施服務（又稱小作所）建置的精神，主要提供身心障礙者社區化、小型化之日間照護功能，以及對於身心障者基本能力訓練之作業場所。其服務對象針對能力尚無法進入庇護性就業服務場所，但又不需要機構式日間照顧服務的身心障礙者，提供的另一種日間社區式照顧服務之模式。
本研究以某縣市偏鄉小作所之中重度自閉症青少年為研究的對象，研究者以參與的觀察者角色，參與其研究主體的日常生活及文化，並透過深度訪談的方式進行資料的搜集，試圖了解中重度自閉症青少年在接受小作所服務後，對於生活自立能力上的轉變與其運作，並探討小作所在營運上所面臨的困境與需求做一探討。
在分析資料樣本與彙整相關資料後，本研究的主要研究發現為：
一、小作所透過各種活動課程、工作訓練和社會適應活動與多元的服務課程內容，能夠有效的提升中重度自閉症青少年生活能力、社會能力、工作技能與作業態度的能力，進而建立自信與肯定自我的價值。
二、中重度自閉症青少年的家長，對於小作所的服務成效持肯定的態度，同時小作所的服務使家長獲得喘息的機會，並減輕其照顧上的負擔。
三、小作所對於中重度自閉症青少年生活自立能力的培養上，由於障礙程度與成長背景、生活環境上的差異，使得中重度自閉症青少年生活自立能力的成效皆不盡相同。
四、偏鄉小作所較容易面臨經費不足、交通不便、資源缺乏等問題與限制。
五、小作所營運產品的來源與品項開發困難，不夠多元化的產品常導致訂單量少，收入不穩定的情形，進而影響小作所的服務品質。
The primary objective of the establishment of a small-scale community workshop for the disabled is to offer community-based and miniaturized day care service and places for their basic ability training. It provides another mode of community-based day care service for the disabled who don’t need institutional day care but are incapable to go to sheltered workshops.
This study is conducted with the severe autistic teenagers in a small-scale community workshop in a suburb of Taitung City as the subjects and with the intention to understand the effects on and changes in them after their making use of the services provided by the workshop and explore, in addition, the difficulties the workshop encounter. In order to collect the data, participant observation and in-depth interview are adopted as the research methods for this study.
On the basis of the data analyses, the major findings of the present study are illustrated as follows:
1. Through varied service contents, vocational training, and social adaptation activities, the small‐scale community workshop can effectively improve the independent living skills, social interaction ability, working skills and attitudes of the severe autistic teenagers, and thus enhance their self‐confidence and self-assurance.
2. The parents of the severe autistic teenagers take a positive attitude towards the effectiveness of the services offered by the small‐scale community workshop. The services, de facto, can actually reduce the burden of care for the parents.
3. The effectiveness of the workshop’s services in developing the severe autistic teenagers’ independent living skills varies because of the differences in their disability levels, family backgrounds, and living environments.
4. The small‐scale community workshops in the suburbs, compared with those in urban areas, are more likely to face problems and restrictions, such as underfunding, backward transportation, and lack of resources.
5. The limited sources of supply, the difficulty of product development, and the unvaried products result in the lack of orders and the income instability, which can have negative influence on the service quality of the small-scale community workshops. |
