| 摘要: | 近年來都市計畫將人們的生活空間劃分為住宅區、商業區、工業區、公園…等。事實上，臺灣土地使用有別於西方國家，一天24小時的多功能使用建構出複合性居住空間，複合性空間的構成往往是在都市設計外部空間與建築設計內部空間所串連起來的結構，這些結構會因為人們的使用形成暫時性商業空間，在建築與外部空間連結後形成了都市中巨大商業使用，然而這些商業使用卻不在都市計畫中，是由人們一整天的生活圈中延伸出的一個過渡性空間。本研究藉由這些現象來探討這些空間形成與使用者之間的關聯性。例如，街道除了交通功能以外，有些街道會隨著時間與攤販的聚集成為暫時性市場，被去除了交通功能，原本小單位的攤販聚集形成市場，改變這些街道的主要功能，此外攤販沿街與建築騎樓相互連接，形成一建築多店面的情況，特別是攤販所組成的市場，活躍程度的表現於時間上呈現，若是在不同時間來區分稱早市、午市、黃昏市場與夜市。本研究根據上述動機，來探討建築本體(實體空間)、過渡空間、(騎樓、固定搭接)、外部空間(都市計畫)之間的關聯性，為瞭解使用者行為與空間的關係，設定目的為：(1)探討都市環境與暫時性商業空間之使用者行為的關聯性，(2)探討分析都市環境與時間漸進下之暫時性商業空間形成過程，(3)探討分析暫時性商業空間與時間變化之業種所構成尺寸與型態；並透過生態心理學的理論進一步探討都市商圈之暫時性商業空間與使用者之行為關係，試圖歸納出暫時性商業空間與建築之關聯性。
本研究透過生態心理學中之行為設境理論，採取非參與式觀察法記錄，利用相機與行為製圖長時間追蹤，在無干擾使用者的情況下，針對使用者從進入到離開研究範圍期間，構成之商業空間型態、業種、尺寸以及時間做詳細的分類記錄。根據研究範圍內之研究觀察，透過使用者之商業型態分析與記錄樣本之計量，採用分析歸納法進行統計檢定。
研究結果顯示士林商圈在每日的商業活動，以區分的八個時段為一單位，藉由前後二小時開始累積使用行為，期間暫時性商業空間開始陳設商品，與建築物產生了互利之連結，呈現七種商業型態，並累積到第三個小時達到高峰後逐漸開始下降，其中最重要為「攤販」型態，另外三種是依靠建築物內向外延伸使用，包含全開店面向外延伸、半開店面向外延伸、入內部店面並向外延伸，其餘是建築物根據原規劃空間使用，包含全開店面、半開店面、入內部之店面。研究範圍內之十一項業種，對照分類後的七種空間型態，得知除了長時間營業之雜貨店、藥妝、便利商店外，其餘皆有「攤販」型態構成之商業空間，是以短時間營利與便捷的展示工具營業，由此可知，使用者決定了陳設型態與尺寸，令建築物改變原使用功能。
Due to the influence of urbanization in recent years, urban planning divided living space into residential areas, commercial areas, industrial areas, parks, and so on. In fact, the land usage in Taiwan is different from western countries, and people construct multiple living spaces since they need multiple functions in 24 hours. The multiple spaces are connected by exterior space of urban design and interior space of building design. These constructions would become temporary spaces used by both residents and visitors, and then form huge commercial zones in the city. However, these commercial zones were not included in the original urban planning. Instead, they're transitional spaces extended by people's lifestyles in one day. Thus, we did researches for the connection between how we formed the space and what users do on them. For example: Vendors would gather in the streets as time goes on and the streets would become a temporary market. Then, the main function of the streets would change from transportation to market places. In addition, vendors connect with verandas and form a multi-store space in one building. In particular, vendors compose the markets and the markets vary their activities in time. they could be divided by time as the morning markets, afternoon markets, dusk markets and night markets.
The motivation of this study is to explore the relevance among the buildings, the transitional spaces and the exterior spaces and understand the relation between user behaviors and spaces. The objectives of the study are: (1) to explore the relevance between urban spaces and people's behavior; (2) to analyze the establishment of commercial spaces in different urban spaces and time; and (3) to find out the timely changes of temporary commercial spaces in categories, scales and styles. Through the theory of ecological psychology, the relationship between temporary commercial spaces and user behaviors in urban business circle would be further explored. And the relationship between temporary commercial space and architecture would be summarized.
The research methods are based on Ecological Psychology by observing the living space. This study adopts the non-participatory observation method and uses the cameras and behavior mapping to track for a long time. Without interference with the users, this study makes a detailed classification record of the commercial spatial patterns, industry types, sizes and time of the users from entering to leaving the research area. Based on the research observation within the scope, the study analyses the user's commercial patterns and measures record samples to carry out statistical determination.
The result of the study shows that daily life for business hours in Shilin business community is a unit of business activities on a daily basis. One day was divided into eight time unit types. The study started one hour before business and end for one hour after business from the business goods of temporary commercial space in connected continuity between the roads and the building. It presented seven commercial patterns, accumulated and peaked in the third hour and then gradually declined.
The major type is "vendors". The other three are relying on the building's internal and external extension of use, including full store extension, semi-open shop extension, into the internal storefront and extend outwards. The rest is the original space-using of building planning, including full store, semi-open storefront, into the inside of the store.
According to the eleven business types within the scope of the research, comparing the seven types of spaces classification, we learned that, except long-term business spaces like grocery stores, pharmaceutical makeup stores, and convenience stores, the rest commercial spaces are all composed of "vendors". Venders benefit from convenient display tools and earn a short-term profit to survive. It shows that the users define the types and sizes of the furnishings, which make the building change the original function. |
