| 摘要: | 法律有明文規定精神障礙為影響責任事由，而精神障礙之判定標準，行為人有無精神障礙，必須藉助精神鑑定，然責任能力的判斷仍需以法律的概念為主，本文主在評價精神障礙犯罪責任能力問題，精神障礙者被告犯罪行為時，被告認知狀態與和犯罪事實有相當的關係。關於精神障礙犯罪人之責任能力判斷的相關問題時，因為2005年前刑法第19條未修正前有些案件不斷上訴的癥結點乃是對該精神障礙者犯罪時之精神狀態是否已達心神喪失有不同意見，法律用語與醫學用語的不一致，讓精神鑑定與法院的判斷可能不一致，法院與精神醫師分別對被告責任能力有不同認定。精神障礙的成因在不同的學科如生物學、心理學、社會學等，有不同解釋，形成原因除了因相關疾病導致精神疾病外，多數原因不明即是綜合生心理及社會之交互反應等所引起的。犯罪當下是否是在發病情況下及有無造成辯識能力受影響，判決所考量之精神鑑定證據，因為醫療的特殊性，其病情是無法用類推或回朔性方式判斷確認，雖有精神鑑定制度運用，判斷過程原則上應係在委託專家針對犯罪原因判斷確認存在後，由法院檢視其鑑定之經過與結果，因對精神狀態的評估應為法官的職權，鑑定人不應涉入，但法官是否有能力判斷生理原因所造成心理方面的影響，而精神鑑定者也會有不明白該寫到何種程度，才不會逾越法官職權而又能滿足法官對行為人當時的精神狀態。本研究先釐清精神障礙和精神疾病的定義，並檢視我國法院對於精神疾患患者責任能力之見解，整理各種精神疾患的介紹及疾病患者可能出現的不法行為樣態。關於責任能力之立法方式，我國刑法責任能力之學說以及實務見解，在修法後對精神障礙犯罪者的刑罰，本文所採取乃結合各專業領域的整合，提供刑事司法政策擬定方向，因犯罪成因往往由多面向所組成，分析出精神障礙的犯罪者其犯罪成因並提出可行的解決方針。
The law expressly stipulates that mental disorders as the cause of responsibility, and mental disorders determination criteria, whether the perpetrator has mental disorders, must rely on mental identification, but the judgment of responsibility ability still needs to be based on the concept of law, this article in the evaluation of mental disorders crime liability ability, mental disorders defendant crime, the defendant's cognitive state and the crime facts have a considerable relationship. On the relevant issues relating to the judgment of the liability capacity of perpetrators of mental disorders, since before 2005, before article 19 of the Criminal Code was amended, the crux of the continuing appeal in some cases was whether the mental state of the person with mental disorder had reached a point of dissident opinion at the time of the crime, and whether the legal language was inconsistent with the medical language, so that the mental appraisal and the court's judgment may not be consistent, and the court and psychiatrists had different determinations about the defendant's ability to be liable. The causes of mental disorders are explained differently in different disciplines, such as biology, psychology, sociology, etc., and the causes of formation are unknown, except for mental illness caused by related diseases, which is caused by the interaction of the psychology and society of the comprehensive students. Whether the crime is in the case of illness and whether or not it causes the ability to identify is affected, the mental identification evidence considered by the judgment, because of the particularity of medical treatment, its condition can not be judged by analogy or echoing methods to confirm, although there is a mental appraisal system application, the judgment process should in principle be entrusted to experts for the cause of the crime judgment confirmed the existence of the court Depending on the experience and results of its appraisal, because the evaluation of mental state should be the judge's authority, the appraiser should not be involved, but the judge's ability to judge the psychological effects caused by physiological reasons, and the mental appraiser will not understand the extent to which the writing, will not exceed the judge's authority and can meet the judge's mental state at that time. This study first clarifies the definition of mental disorders and mental illness, and examines the views of our courts on the ability of responsibility of patients with mental disorders, and organizes the introduction of various mental disorders and the possible patterns of wrongful behavior of patients with mental disorders. Regarding the legislative mode of responsibility ability, the the thesis and practical opinion of the responsibility ability of criminal law in our country, and the punishment of the offender with mental disorder after the revision of the law, this paper adopts the combination of various professional fields to provide the direction of criminal justice policy formulation, because the causes of crime are often composed of many orientations, analyze the causes of the crime of the offender with mental disorders and put forward feasible solutions. |
